{"id":1747,"date":"2014-01-06T08:00:54","date_gmt":"2014-01-06T07:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/?p=1747"},"modified":"2014-02-04T12:01:24","modified_gmt":"2014-02-04T11:01:24","slug":"desatoro-bezpecneho-pocitaca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/desatoro-bezpecneho-pocitaca\/","title":{"rendered":"Desatoro bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p><em>o informa\u010dnej bezpe\u010dnosti u\u017e toho bolo nap\u00edsan\u00e9 mnoho, nielen na tomto port\u00e1li. Nezainteresovan\u00fd \u201ebe\u017en\u00fd\u201c pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 ob\u010das opr\u00e1vnen\u00fd dojem, \u017ee je zo strany bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch profesion\u00e1lov neust\u00e1le iba vystr\u00edhan\u00fd pred mnoh\u00fdmi hrozbami internetu a\u00a0virtu\u00e1lneho prostredia, alebo zahlcovan\u00fd mno\u017estvom technick\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed z\u00a0te\u00f3rie informa\u010dnej bezpe\u010dnosti. A\u00a0n\u00e1sledne si tento pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e zrejme kladie ot\u00e1zku, ak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tne kroky by mal vlastne u\u010dini\u0165, ak chce nadobudn\u00fa\u0165 pocit, \u017ee spravil v\u0161etko pre elimin\u00e1ciu hrozieb. Pozrime sa teda na informa\u010dn\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 op\u00e4\u0165 , tentokr\u00e1t v\u0161ak z\u00a0praktick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska ka\u017edodenn\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ak\u00e9ko\u013evek umel\u00e9 zostru\u010d\u0148ovanie problematiky ochrany informa\u010dn\u00fdch akt\u00edv by bolo kontraprodukt\u00edvne. Treba ale vzia\u0165 do \u00favahy, \u017ee je zna\u010dn\u00fd rozdiel medzi pr\u00edstupom k\u00a0ochrane na \u00farovni ve\u013ekej korpor\u00e1cie, stredne ve\u013ekej esero\u010dky a\u00a0jednotlivca, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edva po\u010d\u00edta\u010d na surfovanie internetom, \u010di na pr\u00e1cu, komunik\u00e1ciu a\u00a0z\u00e1bavu v\u00a0dom\u00e1com prostred\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Napriek tomu jestvuj\u00fa ist\u00e9 v\u0161eobecn\u00e9, pomerne jednoducho uplatnite\u013en\u00e9 z\u00e1sady, ktor\u00fdch dodr\u017eiavanie m\u00f4\u017ee prispie\u0165 ku zn\u00ed\u017eeniu riz\u00edk. Sk\u00fasme si ich zhrn\u00fa\u0165 ako zoznam odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00ed. V\u00a0tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sa budem venova\u0165 problematike, ktor\u00e1 sa odborne naz\u00fdva \u201ehardening\u201c, v\u00a0zjednodu\u0161enom preklade, ako upevnenie, \u201eposilnenie\u201c odolnosti po\u010d\u00edta\u010da vo\u010di \u0161tandardn\u00fdm hrozb\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p>Na za\u010diatok treba zd\u00f4razni\u0165, \u017ee vzh\u013eadom na r\u00f4znorodos\u0165 syst\u00e9mov a\u00a0aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed nie je v\u00a0mo\u017enostiach tohto \u010dl\u00e1nku da\u0165 podrobn\u00e9 n\u00e1vody \u201eAKO\u201c vykona\u0165 hardening. Nasleduj\u00faci \u010dl\u00e1nok sa bude venova\u0165 len ot\u00e1zke \u201e\u010cO\u201c spravi\u0165 v\u00a0oblasti hardeningu. A\u00a0venova\u0165 sa budeme len hardeningu opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov MS Windows s\u00a0predpokladom, \u017ee pr\u00e1ve opera\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my tohto v\u00fdrobcu s\u00fa na trhu majoritn\u00e9 a\u00a0\u017ee ak niekto pou\u017e\u00edva in\u00fd, ne\u017e opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m Microsoftu, tak je nato\u013eko znal\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom, \u017ee sa o\u00a0hardening svojho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da dok\u00e1\u017ee postara\u0165 aj bez na\u0161ich dobre mienen\u00fdch r\u00e1d.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<h1><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Z\u00e1sada 1.:Pou\u017e\u00edvajte siln\u00e9 hesl\u00e1<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Hrozba:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u00dato\u010dn\u00edk m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00edstup k\u00a0v\u00e1\u0161mu po\u010d\u00edta\u010du cez internet, alebo bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e9 siete a\u00a0sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 kompromit\u00e1ciu \u00fadajov, alebo nasadi\u0165 \u0161kodliv\u00fd k\u00f3d, ktor\u00fd mu obratom (alebo aj v\u00a0neskor\u0161om obdob\u00ed) posl\u00fa\u017ei ku pr\u00edstupu k va\u0161im alebo cudz\u00edm \u00fadajom.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Pr\u00ed\u010dina:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Hesl\u00e1 s\u00fa st\u00e1le najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161\u00edm autentiza\u010dn\u00fdm prvkom v\u00a0oblasti osobn\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov.<\/p>\n<p>Pokia\u013e \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk z\u00edska pr\u00edstup k\u00a0v\u00e1\u0161mu po\u010d\u00edta\u010du, pr\u00edpadne na \u00farovni spr\u00e1vcu syst\u00e9mu, je ve\u013emi m\u00e1lo pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee bude e\u0161te mo\u017en\u00e9 zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 re\u00e1lnemu zneu\u017eitiu po\u010d\u00edta\u010da.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">N\u00e1prava:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Nastavi\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 hesl\u00e1 pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch re\u00e1lnych pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, ako aj pre v\u0161etky generick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dty, vr\u00e1tane \u00fa\u010dtu administr\u00e1tora.<\/p>\n<p>O\u00a0problematike siln\u00fdch hesiel som p\u00edsal na inom mieste: <a href=\"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/nech-vas-sila-hesla-sprevadza\/\"><b>URL<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Postup pre nastavenie hesla sa v jednotliv\u00fdch verzi\u00e1ch opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov a\u017e tak z\u00e1sadne nel\u00ed\u0161i. Jedno v\u0161ak maj\u00fa v\u0161etky opera\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my spolo\u010dn\u00e9 \u2013 a\u00a0to, \u017ee ak chcete zmeni\u0165 hesl\u00e1 in\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom, ne\u017e sebe sam\u00e9mu, mus\u00edte disponova\u0165 pr\u00e1vom administr\u00e1tora.<\/p>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Z\u00e1sada 2.: Skryte sa za firewall<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Hrozba:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u00dato\u010dn\u00edk m\u00f4\u017ee lokalizova\u0165 v\u00e1\u0161 po\u010d\u00edta\u010d a\u00a0 najzranite\u013enej\u0161ie miesto jeho pripojenia a n\u00e1sledne tak z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00edstup k\u00a0v\u00e1\u0161mu po\u010d\u00edta\u010du cez internet, alebo cez bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e9 siete.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Pr\u00ed\u010dina:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>V\u0161etky po\u010d\u00edta\u010de pripojen\u00e9 do lok\u00e1lnych po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch siet\u00ed, alebo do internetu, musia ma\u0165 pridelen\u00fa platn\u00fa IP adresu. IP adresa v\u0161ak nie je jedin\u00fdm prvkom, ktor\u00fdm je identifikovan\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d v\u00a0sieti. Ka\u017ed\u00fd komunika\u010dn\u00fd kan\u00e1l z\u00a0a\u00a0do po\u010d\u00edta\u010da je \u010falej determinovan\u00fd jedn\u00fdm alebo viacer\u00fdmi pr\u00edstupov\u00fdmi bodmi, tzv. portami. Napr\u00edklad, vo chv\u00edli, ke\u010f sa pozer\u00e1te na t\u00fato web str\u00e1nku, v\u00e1\u0161 po\u010d\u00edta\u010d a\u00a0server <a href=\"http:\/\/www.preventista.sk\/\">www.preventista.sk<\/a> komunikuj\u00fa cez port \u010d\u00edslo 80, \u010do je prednastaven\u00fdm portom pre prenosov\u00fd protokol http, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd pre slu\u017ebu www. Viac ku vyu\u017eitiu portov n\u00e1jdete napr\u00edklad v\u00a0tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.webopedia.com\/quick_ref\/portnumbers.asp\"><b>URL<\/b><\/a><b>. <\/b><\/p>\n<p>Probl\u00e9m je, \u017ee ktoko\u013evek na sieti m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 niektor\u00fd aj vo\u013ene dostupn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj na tzv. scannovanie portov a\u00a0tak z\u00edska\u0165 preh\u013ead o\u00a0slu\u017eb\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edva v\u00e1\u0161 po\u010d\u00edta\u010d. A\u00a0to u\u017e je dostato\u010dn\u00e1 inform\u00e1cia pre \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka. Ak k\u00a0tomu prir\u00e1tame fakt, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 zo slu\u017eieb najm\u00e4 v\u00a0prostred\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov MS Windows s\u00fa vopred (\u201eby default\u201c) nastaven\u00e9 ako otvoren\u00e9, teda nechr\u00e1nen\u00e9, zneu\u017eitie mnoh\u00fdch zranite\u013enost\u00ed je pre zru\u010dn\u00e9ho \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka vyslovene trivi\u00e1lna \u00faloha.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">N\u00e1prava:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Nain\u0161talujte si niektor\u00fa aplik\u00e1ciu typu firewall, pou\u017eite zabudovan\u00fd firewall opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, alebo si nain\u0161talujte hardv\u00e9rov\u00fd firewall. Je potrebn\u00e9 spomen\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee takmer v\u0161etky sie\u0165ov\u00e9 prep\u00edna\u010de a\u00a0smerova\u010de vr\u00e1tane wifi pr\u00edstupov\u00fdch bodov je mo\u017en\u00e9 nakonfigurova\u0165 aj na funkcie firewall-u.<\/p>\n<p>Firewall (vo vo\u013enom preklade \u201eprotipo\u017eiarna stena\u201c) je softv\u00e9r alebo zariadenie, ktor\u00e9 blokuje vzdialen\u00fd pr\u00edstup do v\u00e1\u0161ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da vr\u00e1tane v\u0161etk\u00fdch pokusov o\u00a0zistenie otvoren\u00fdch portov. Firewall vykon\u00e1va t\u00fato slu\u017ebu tak, \u017ee znepr\u00edstup\u0148uje v\u0161etky porty, pokia\u013e tieto nie s\u00fa explicitne vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 na komunik\u00e1ciu vyvolan\u00fa z vn\u00fatornej strany firewall-u, teda z\u00a0v\u00e1\u0161ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da smerom von. Ak bola komunik\u00e1cia iniciovan\u00e1 zvn\u00fatra, odpove\u010f pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho servera by u\u017e mala by\u0165 vpusten\u00e1 sp\u00e4\u0165 bez obmedzenia. Pravdou v\u0161ak je, \u017ee firewall hodnot\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd pokus o\u00a0nevy\u017eiadan\u00fa komunik\u00e1ciu z internetu, aby tak zabr\u00e1nil tzv. scannovaniu IP adresn\u00e9ho rozsahu.<\/p>\n<p>Ak chcete overi\u0165, \u010di je zapnut\u00fd zabudovan\u00fd firewall opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu MS Windows, po\u013eahky to zist\u00edte cez ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed panel.<\/p>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Z\u00e1sada 3.:Odstr\u00e1\u0148te \u0161kodliv\u00fd k\u00f3d<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Hrozba:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0160kodliv\u00fd k\u00f3d, po anglicky \u201emalware\u201c(niekedy zjednodu\u0161ene a nespr\u00e1vne naz\u00fdvan\u00fd aj \u201epo\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 v\u00edrusy\u201c) \u00a0m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00e1sadn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom obmedzi\u0165 niektor\u00e9 funkcie v\u00e1\u0161ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da, kompromitova\u0165, alebo zni\u010di\u0165 d\u00e1ta, pr\u00edpadne bez V\u00e1\u0161ho vedomia zneu\u017ei\u0165 po\u010d\u00edta\u010d na zlomyse\u013en\u00e9 aktivity vo\u010di in\u00fdm po\u010d\u00edta\u010dom na internete.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Pr\u00ed\u010dina:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Jestvuje nepredstavite\u013ene ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo r\u00f4znych variantov \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu r\u00f4znymi cestami a r\u00f4znym sp\u00f4sobom infikova\u0165 v\u00e1\u0161 po\u010d\u00edta\u010d.<\/p>\n<p>Typick\u00fdm vektorom v\u00edrusov je pr\u00edloha elektronickej po\u0161ty, pri\u010dom t\u00e1to cesta je st\u00e1la naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edm zdrojom infekcie po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch neopatrn\u00fdmi pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013emi. Otvorenie aj na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead nevinnej pr\u00edlohy mailu zo zn\u00e1mej adresy m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 katastrof\u00e1lne n\u00e1sledky.<\/p>\n<p>Druh\u00fdm naj\u010dastej\u0161\u00edm vektorom s\u00fa webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky. Jednak tie, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa rizikov\u00e9 sami o\u00a0sebe (\u0161pecificky s\u00fa to najm\u00e4 webov\u00e9 s\u00eddla so sexu\u00e1lne explicitn\u00fdm obsahom, alebo r\u00f4zne str\u00e1nky s\u00a0licen\u010dne nekorektn\u00fdmi, neleg\u00e1lnymi, alebo pochybn\u00fdmi zdrojmi). Ale \u017eia\u013e, mnohokr\u00e1t s\u00fa nosite\u013emi \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du aj str\u00e1nky renomovan\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 zanedbali ochranu vo\u010di \u0161kodliv\u00e9mu k\u00f3du.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">N\u00e1prava:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Nain\u0161talujte si niektor\u00fa profesion\u00e1lnu antimalware aplik\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00a0dispoz\u00edcii s\u00fa mnoh\u00e9 vo\u013ene \u0161\u00edrite\u013en\u00e9, alebo oklie\u0161ten\u00e9 verzie, av\u0161ak pou\u017eitie antimalware bal\u00edka od niektor\u00e9ho zo zn\u00e1mych v\u00fdrobcov (Symantec, MacAfee, alebo slovensk\u00fd ESET) poskytne \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fa obranu vo\u010di v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine zn\u00e1mych hrozieb tohto typu.<\/p>\n<p>A\u00a0n\u00e1sledne, ak u\u017e budete ma\u0165 nain\u0161talovan\u00fd antimalware softv\u00e9r, mali by ste v\u00a0pravideln\u00fdch intervaloch, najmenej v\u0161ak jeden kr\u00e1t t\u00fd\u017edenne spusti\u0165 komplexn\u00fa kontrolu po\u010d\u00edta\u010da na pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina komer\u010dn\u00fdch antimalware bal\u00edkov obsahuje funkciu automatickej ochrany, preto najmenej pre na\u010d\u00edtavanie obsahu elektronickej po\u0161ty a\u00a0web str\u00e1nok, presnej\u0161ie povedan\u00e9: pre\u00a0 ak\u00fako\u013evek komunik\u00e1ciu prich\u00e1dzaj\u00facu v\u00a0smere do v\u00e1\u0161ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da, je odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 rezidentn\u00fd scanner.<\/p>\n<p>Nieko\u013eko drobn\u00fdch odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00ed v\u00a0tejto s\u00favislosti navy\u0161e:<\/p>\n<p>Predov\u0161etk\u00fdm, ak ste u\u017e rozhodnut\u00ed k\u00fapi\u0165 antimalware program, urobte to hne\u010f a nie a\u017e potom, ke\u010f zist\u00edte pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina v\u00edrusov obsahuje komponent, ktor\u00fd je schopn\u00fd ukr\u00fdva\u0165 s\u00e1m seba, alebo obmedzi\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 zn\u00e1mych typov antimalware programov. Preto, ak m\u00e1te po\u010d\u00edta\u010d \u201ezav\u00edren\u00fd\u201c sk\u00f4r, ne\u017e ste zak\u00fapili antimalware aplik\u00e1ciu, m\u00f4\u017ee sa sta\u0165, \u017ee V\u00e1m t\u00e1to aplik\u00e1cia u\u017e nedok\u00e1\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Zabezpe\u010dte aby bol v\u00e1\u0161 antimalware program pravidelne aktualizovan\u00fd. V\u00fdrobcovia antiv\u00edrusov\u00fdch prostriedkov priebe\u017ene vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa nov\u00e9 a\u00a0nov\u00e9 bal\u00ed\u010dky v\u00edrusov\u00fdch defin\u00edci\u00ed (tzv. signat\u00far) a\u00a0obnoven\u00e9 defin\u00edcie signat\u00far dod\u00e1vaj\u00fa z\u00e1kazn\u00edkom prostredn\u00edctvom internetu v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou \u00faplne automaticky, aby t\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom dok\u00e1zali \u010deli\u0165 nov\u00fdm hrozb\u00e1m. Bez aktualiz\u00e1cie datab\u00e1zy , antiv\u00edrusov\u00fd program nebude schopn\u00fd rozpozna\u0165 nov\u00e9 typy \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du.<\/p>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Z\u00e1sada 4.: Chr\u00e1\u0148te sa proti spyware a adware<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Hrozba:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Tzv. Spyware alebo Adware programy dok\u00e1\u017eu ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo zamori\u0165 v\u00e1\u0161 po\u010d\u00edta\u010d a\u00a0kompromitova\u0165 d\u00f4vern\u00e9 osobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje a identity, alebo zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 v\u00fdkon po\u010d\u00edta\u010da.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Pr\u00ed\u010dina:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Spyware a\u00a0Adware s\u00fa generick\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy pre skupinu programov navrhnut\u00fdch za \u00fa\u010delom zbierania d\u00f4vern\u00fdch d\u00e1t, alebo na doru\u010dovanie reklamy. Mo\u017eno to znie nevinne, av\u0161ak treba vzia\u0165 do \u00favahy, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 typy vo\u013ene \u0161\u00edrite\u013en\u00fdch programov pracuj\u00fa tak, \u017ee na va\u0161om po\u010d\u00edta\u010di zhroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00fa \u00fadaje o\u00a0va\u0161om spr\u00e1van\u00ed na internete, alebo napr\u00edklad o\u00a0va\u0161ich n\u00e1kupn\u00fdch zvyklostiach a\u00a0zasielaj\u00fa ich pr\u00edjemcom, ktor\u00ed si tak\u00fato \u201eslu\u017ebu\u201c zaplatili. Tieto \u00fadaje s\u00fa n\u00e1sledne vyu\u017eit\u00e9 najm\u00e4 na marketingov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, av\u0161ak to je len \u0161pi\u010dka \u013eadovca. Je tu aj in\u00e1 kateg\u00f3ria tohto typu programov, ktor\u00e1 je schopn\u00e1 priamo ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165 spr\u00e1vanie v\u00e1\u0161ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da na internete. A\u00a0tak zist\u00edte, \u017ee nechtiac, aj pri otvoren\u00ed va\u0161ich be\u017ene nav\u0161tevovan\u00fdch str\u00e1nok, ste zrazu presmerovan\u00ed na pochybn\u00e9 str\u00e1nky, o\u00a0ktor\u00fdch zhliadnutie ste v\u00f4bec nest\u00e1li. Relat\u00edvne najmen\u0161ou hrozbou je to, \u017ee budete don\u00faten\u00ed dookola neust\u00e1le zatv\u00e1ra\u0165 nejak\u00e9 obsc\u00e9nne webov\u00e9 reklamy.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">N\u00e1prava:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Nain\u0161talujte si niektor\u00fd softv\u00e9rov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj na vyh\u013ead\u00e1vanie a odstra\u0148ovanie spyware.<\/p>\n<p>Na\u0161\u0165astie, mnoh\u00ed v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri venovali \u010das a\u00a0\u00fasilie na to, aby vytvorili kvalitn\u00fd, vo\u013ene \u0161\u00edrite\u013en\u00fd softv\u00e9r na odstra\u0148ovanie tejto h\u00e1vede zo syst\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Z\u00e1sada 5.: Aktualizujte opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Hrozba:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0160kodliv\u00fd k\u00f3d a\u00a0\u00fato\u010dn\u00edci m\u00f4\u017eu zneu\u017ei\u0165 novo objaven\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 diery opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov MS Windows a\u00a0internetov\u00e9ho prehliada\u010da MS Internet Explorer.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Pr\u00ed\u010dina:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Windows je extr\u00e9mne komplexn\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, a\u00a0ako tak\u00fd, m\u00e1 samozrejme aj ist\u00e9 chyby a\u00a0v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 nedostatky, ktor\u00e9 sa Microsoft sna\u017e\u00ed priebe\u017ene zapl\u00e1ta\u0165. Na druhej strane pomyselnej barik\u00e1dy stoja pou\u017e\u00edvatelia, ktor\u00ed sa, pln\u00ed entuziazmu, sna\u017eia neust\u00e1le odha\u013eova\u0165 tieto medzery, jednak so zl\u00fdm \u00famyslom, ale samozrejme, mnoh\u00ed aj v\u00a0prospech v\u00fdrobcu.<\/p>\n<p>Vo v\u0161eobecnosti je mo\u017en\u00e9 poveda\u0165, \u017ee v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu zranite\u013enost\u00ed a\u00a0slab\u00edn v\u00fdrobca zapl\u00e1ta takmer okam\u017eite po ich objaven\u00ed, ba mnohokr\u00e1t i\u00a0ove\u013ea sk\u00f4r. Jednako v\u0161ak, pou\u017e\u00edvatelia, ktor\u00ed neaktualizuj\u00fa svoje opera\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, s\u00fa vydan\u00ed napospas \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkom, ktor\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa n\u00e1stroje na objavenie nezapl\u00e1tan\u00fdch zranite\u013enost\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">N\u00e1prava:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Udr\u017eujte svoj opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m neust\u00e1le aktualizovan\u00fd. Windows obsahuje funkcionalitu automatickej aktualiz\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e1 pravidelne overuje, \u010di v\u00fdrobca nepublikoval nejak\u00fa nov\u00fa z\u00e1platu a\u00a0pokia\u013e zist\u00ed, \u017ee \u00e1no, tak ju stiahne a\u00a0nain\u0161taluje.<\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017eite funkciu automatickej aktualiz\u00e1cie opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu Windows Update.<\/p>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Z\u00e1sada 6.: Upracte generick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dty<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Hrozba:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Zlomyse\u013en\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvatelia sa m\u00f4\u017eu pok\u00fasi\u0165 pou\u017ei\u0165 na \u00fatok vo\u010di V\u00e1\u0161mu po\u010d\u00edta\u010du zabudovan\u00fd \u00fa\u010det spr\u00e1vcu syst\u00e9mu s\u00a0n\u00e1zvom &#8218;Administrator&#8216;, alebo pri vy\u0161\u0161ej zru\u010dnosti zabudovan\u00fd \u00fa\u010det syst\u00e9mu s\u00a0n\u00e1zvom &#8218;Guest&#8216;.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Pr\u00ed\u010dina:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Isto ste si v\u0161imli, \u017ee po\u010das in\u0161tal\u00e1cie opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu Windows (ktorejko\u013evek verzie) si in\u0161tala\u010dn\u00fd proces od v\u00e1s vy\u017eiadal vytvorenie hesla pre zabudovan\u00fd \u00fa\u010det s n\u00e1zvom \u201eAdministrator\u201c. Tento \u00fa\u010det m\u00e1 (alebo dok\u00e1\u017ee z\u00edska\u0165) \u00fapln\u00e9 pr\u00e1va na v\u0161etky s\u00fabory a\u00a0konfigur\u00e1cie v\u00e1\u0161ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kto \u010do\u00a0 i\u00a0len zbe\u017ene pozn\u00e1 OS Windows, vie o\u00a0existencii tohto \u00fa\u010dtu. A\u00a0t\u00e1to mno\u017eina nepochybne zah\u0155\u0148a aj potenci\u00e1lnych \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkov.<\/p>\n<p>Tento \u00fa\u010det nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 uzamknut\u00fd, ani vyraden\u00fd z\u00a0\u010dinnosti a\u00a0teda logicky b\u00fdva prv\u00fdm cie\u013eom ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka. Napriek tomu, \u017ee tento \u00fa\u010det by mal by\u0165 v\u00a0zmysle vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e9ho odpor\u00fa\u010dania chr\u00e1nen\u00fd heslom, st\u00e1le to nie je dostato\u010dn\u00e1 ochrana pred zneu\u017eit\u00edm tohto \u00fa\u010dtu na \u00fatok vo\u010di v\u00e1\u0161mu po\u010d\u00edta\u010du.<\/p>\n<p>Na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di z\u00e1rove\u0148 jestvuje od prvej in\u0161tal\u00e1cie opera\u010dn\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu aj automaticky vytvoren\u00fd \u00fa\u010det s n\u00e1zvom \u201eGuest\u201c (t.j. n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edk). Tento hos\u0165ovsk\u00fd \u00fa\u010det je ur\u010den\u00fd pre pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, ktor\u00ed nemaj\u00fa vytvoren\u00fd permanentn\u00fd \u00fa\u010det na Va\u0161om po\u010d\u00edta\u010di \u010di v\u00a0dom\u00e9ne a\u00a0teda nie s\u00fa autentifikovan\u00ed. \u00da\u010det je ur\u010den\u00fd na \u201eobmedzen\u00fd\u201c pr\u00edstup ku V\u00e1\u0161mu po\u010d\u00edta\u010du. Pou\u017e\u00edvatelia s\u00a0t\u00fdmto pr\u00edstupom nemaj\u00fa pr\u00e1va na in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu softv\u00e9ru, ovl\u00e1da\u010dov zmenu konfigur\u00e1cie, zmenu hesla, alebo zmenu \u010di vytvorenie nov\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dtu. To v\u0161ak plat\u00ed len do doby, k\u00fdm tento \u00fa\u010det nie je zneu\u017eit\u00fd zru\u010dn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkom.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">N\u00e1prava:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Premenujte administr\u00e1torsk\u00fd \u00fa\u010det a\u00a0vyma\u017ete hos\u0165ovsk\u00fd \u00fa\u010det.<\/p>\n<p>Najprv sa v\u0161ak uistite, \u017ee ste s\u00e1m prihl\u00e1sen\u00fd pod tak\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dtom, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 pr\u00e1va spr\u00e1vcu syst\u00e9mu. Zvy\u010dajne je n\u00edm prv\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e, ktor\u00fd bol vytvoren\u00fd pri in\u0161tal\u00e1cii opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Ak nie, vytvorte si tak\u00fd \u00fa\u010det, alebo si prostredn\u00edctvom p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho admin \u00fa\u010dtu zme\u0148te pr\u00e1va na spr\u00e1vcovsk\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<h1><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Z\u00e1sada 7.: Odstr\u00e1\u0148te skryt\u00e9 zdie\u013eania<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Hrozba:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Zlomyse\u013en\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvatelia m\u00f4\u017eu jednoduch\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom prist\u00fapi\u0165 ku ktor\u00e9muko\u013evek adres\u00e1ru, alebo s\u00faboru vo va\u0161om po\u010d\u00edta\u010di.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Pr\u00ed\u010dina:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Pre vykon\u00e1vanie niektor\u00fdch \u00faloh vzdialenej spr\u00e1vy syst\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edva Windows skryt\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 zdie\u013eania. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 logick\u00e1 part\u00edcia na va\u0161om po\u010d\u00edta\u010di je u\u017e od prvopo\u010diatku in\u0161tal\u00e1cie opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu zdie\u013ean\u00fd s\u00a0konvenciou n\u00e1zvu: \u201e(p\u00edsmeno disku)$\u201c.Podobne skryto je zdie\u013ean\u00fd aj samotn\u00fd in\u0161tala\u010dn\u00fd adres\u00e1r Windows a\u00a0n\u00e1zvom ADMIN$.<\/p>\n<p>Tieto skryt\u00e9 zdie\u013eania s\u00fa pr\u00edstupn\u00e9 len pre pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea s\u00a0administr\u00e1torsk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vami, av\u0161ak pokia\u013e \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk z\u00edska heslo ku administr\u00e1torsk\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010dtu, v\u0161etky s\u00fabory v\u00e1\u0161ho syst\u00e9mu s\u00fa mu k\u00a0dispoz\u00edcii prostredn\u00edctvom t\u00fdchto skryt\u00fdch zdie\u013ean\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">N\u00e1prava:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Odstr\u00e1\u0148te v\u0161etky skryt\u00e9 zdie\u013eania adres\u00e1rov.<\/p>\n<p>Pokia\u013e sa jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0po\u010d\u00edta\u010de v\u00a0podnikovom prostred\u00ed, nane\u0161\u0165astie je existencia skryt\u00fdch zdie\u013ean\u00fdch adres\u00e1rov je nutn\u00e1. Na dom\u00e1cich po\u010d\u00edta\u010doch v\u0161ak odstr\u00e1nenie ka\u017ed\u00e9ho nadbyto\u010dn\u00e9ho zdie\u013eania v\u00fdznamne zn\u00ed\u017ei hrozbu kompromit\u00e1cie va\u0161ich d\u00e1t na dia\u013eku.<\/p>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Z\u00e1sada 8.: Zme\u0148te nastavenia prehliada\u010da<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Hrozba:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Niektor\u00e9 typy \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 napadn\u00fa\u0165 v\u00e1\u0161 syst\u00e9m napr\u00edklad prostredn\u00edctvom tzv. ActiveX prvkov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 na niektor\u00fdch typoch web str\u00e1nok.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Pr\u00ed\u010dina:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>ActiveX je softv\u00e9rov\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara vyvinut\u00e1 Microsoftom, ur\u010den\u00e1 pre tvorbu dynamick\u00fdch web str\u00e1nok a zdie\u013eanie webov\u00e9ho obsahu medzi r\u00f4znymi aplik\u00e1ciami. ActiveX umo\u017e\u0148uje vz\u00e1jomn\u00fa interakciu softv\u00e9rov\u00fdch s\u00fa\u010dast\u00ed v sie\u0165ovom prostred\u00ed bez oh\u013eadu na jazyk, v\u00a0ktorom boli tieto s\u00fa\u010dasti vytvoren\u00e9. Existencia ActiveX je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na my\u0161lienke, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie obsahuj\u00fa rovnak\u00e9 funkcie, ktor\u00e9 namiesto toho, aby boli programovan\u00e9 v\u017edy od za\u010diatku m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 zdie\u013ean\u00e9 medzi aplik\u00e1ciami. Pomocou tejto technol\u00f3gie s\u00fa teda vytv\u00e1ran\u00e9 stavebn\u00e9 bloky, z\u00a0ktor\u00fdch s\u00fa potom zostaven\u00e9 aj obsiahlej\u0161ie webov\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p>ActiveX funguje len v\u00a0prostred\u00ed MS Windows a\u00a0pracuje len s\u00a0aplik\u00e1ciami z\u00a0dielne MS (Word, Excel, Internet Explorer, PowerPoint).<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1to technol\u00f3gia v\u0161ak z\u00e1rove\u0148 predstavuje i nemal\u00fa zranite\u013enos\u0165. Napr\u00edklad n\u00e1hodn\u00fdm kliknut\u00edm na vyskakovacie (tzv. pop-up) okno, alebo aj pr\u00edstupom na ned\u00f4veryhodn\u00fa str\u00e1nku m\u00f4\u017eete prehliada\u010du nechtiac povoli\u0165 in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du (napr. tr\u00f3jskeho ko\u0148a) do v\u00e1\u0161ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da, zmenu niektor\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1da\u010da hardv\u00e9ru, alebo zmenu konfigur\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">N\u00e1prava:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Zv\u00fd\u0161te z\u00e1kladn\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 bezpe\u010dnosti prehliada\u010da MS Internet Explorer.<\/p>\n<p>Na\u0161\u0165astie, Internet Explorer sa d\u00e1 nastavi\u0165 na viac re\u0161trikt\u00edvnu politiku. S\u00a0tak\u00fdm nastaven\u00edm vlastnost\u00ed MS Internet Explorer nebude (prinajmen\u0161om nie bez op\u00fdtania) sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00fd typ obsahu z webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok, a\u00a0to vr\u00e1tane potenci\u00e1lne \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho ActiveX k\u00f3du. Samozrejme, toto nastavenie obmedz\u00ed\u00a0 obsah sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165an\u00fd aj z\u00a0bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok. To sa v\u0161ak d\u00e1 vyrie\u0161i\u0165 t\u00fdm, \u017ee zn\u00e1me a\u00a0bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 str\u00e1nky, na ktor\u00e9 \u010dasto pristupujete, prid\u00e1te do zoznamu d\u00f4veryhodn\u00fdch str\u00e1nok v\u00a0nastaveniach MS Internet Explorer-a.<\/p>\n<p>Vo v\u0161eobecnosti v\u0161ak pr\u00e1ve preto, \u017ee MS Internet Explorer je najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00edm internetov\u00fdm prehliada\u010dom, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u0161kodliv\u00e9ho k\u00f3du je zamieren\u00e1 pr\u00e1ve vo\u010di zranite\u013enostiam prehliada\u010da MS Internet Explorer. Tu zost\u00e1va len jedno \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 odpor\u00fa\u010danie \u2013 nau\u010dte sa pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 alternat\u00edvny, bezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed prehliada\u010d. Existuje ich neprebern\u00e9 mno\u017estvo a\u00a0paradoxne fakt, \u017ee MS Internet Explorer je najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00ed, v\u00f4bec neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je najlep\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<h1><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Z\u00e1sada 9: Zabezpe\u010dte zdie\u013ean\u00e9 s\u00fabory<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Hrozba:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u00dato\u010dn\u00edci sa m\u00f4\u017eu dosta\u0165 ku va\u0161im zdie\u013ean\u00fdm s\u00faborom.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Pr\u00ed\u010dina:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Na po\u010d\u00edta\u010doch so syst\u00e9mom Windows je v predvolenom nastaven\u00ed zapnut\u00e9 tzv. jednoduch\u00e9 zdie\u013eanie s\u00faborov. V\u0161etci pou\u017e\u00edvatelia autentifikovan\u00ed na va\u0161om po\u010d\u00edta\u010di maj\u00fa v\u00a0rovnakej pracovnej skupine, alebo dom\u00e9ne po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovej siete t\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom pln\u00fd pr\u00edstup do va\u0161ich zdie\u013ean\u00fdch prie\u010dinkov. Pri zapnutej funkcii \u201ejednoduch\u00e9 zdie\u013eanie s\u00faborov\u201c sa namiesto z\u00e1lo\u017eiek Zabezpe\u010denie a Zdie\u013eanie zobraz\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9 rozhranie jednoduch\u00e9ho zdie\u013eania s\u00faborov.<\/p>\n<p>Ako u\u017e bolo spomenut\u00e9, v\u00a0opera\u010dnom syst\u00e9me Windows existuje hos\u0165ovsk\u00fd \u00fa\u010det \u201eGuest\u201c, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vzdialen\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom pristupova\u0165 aj ku zdie\u013ean\u00fdm s\u00faborom. Tento \u00fa\u010det bez hesla umo\u017e\u0148uje neobmedzen\u00fd a nekontrolovan\u00fd virtu\u00e1lny pr\u00edstup ku v\u0161etk\u00fdm zdie\u013ean\u00fdm d\u00e1tam komuko\u013evek, kto pozn\u00e1 va\u0161u IP adresu.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">N\u00e1prava:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>I\u00a0ke\u010f spr\u00e1vne nakonfigurovan\u00fd firewall by mal blokova\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu prich\u00e1dzaj\u00facich spojen\u00ed oplat\u00ed sa limitova\u0165 zn\u00e1me zranite\u013enosti aj vypnut\u00edm funkcie \u201ejednoduch\u00e9 zdie\u013eanie\u201c a\u00a0zru\u0161en\u00edm hos\u0165ovsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dtu.<\/p>\n<p>To potenci\u00e1lneho \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka don\u00fati pou\u017ei\u0165 niektor\u00fd z\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dtov, ktor\u00e9 vytvoril spr\u00e1vca syst\u00e9mu, av\u0161ak pri dodr\u017ean\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fdch odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00ed bude u\u017e riziko v\u00fdrazne ni\u017e\u0161ie.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e1ta v\u017edy zdie\u013eajte len na z\u00e1klade vedom\u00e9ho rozhodnutia a\u00a0v\u017edy premyslen\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, konkr\u00e9tnemu autentifikovan\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eovi.<\/p>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Z\u00e1sada 10: Vypnite v\u0161etky nepou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 slu\u017eby syst\u00e9mu<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Hrozba:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00e1 syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 slu\u017eba predstavuje potenci\u00e1lnu zranite\u013enos\u0165. O\u00a0to viac s\u00fa zranite\u013enej\u0161ie tak\u00e9 slu\u017eby, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa dlhodobo spusten\u00e9 bez re\u00e1lneho vyu\u017eitia zo strany opr\u00e1vnen\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea po\u010d\u00edta\u010da.<\/p>\n<p>Nepotrebn\u00e9 alebo nepou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby zvy\u0161uj\u00fa riziko \u00fatoku na po\u010d\u00edta\u010d a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 za\u0165a\u017euj\u00fa syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 prostriedky po\u010d\u00edta\u010da, \u010d\u00edm prispievaj\u00fa k\u00a0jeho spomaleniu.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">Pr\u00ed\u010dina:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Aj ke\u010f je opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m Windows nepochybne najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska \u201epriate\u013esk\u00fd\u201c (\u201euser friendly\u201c),\u00a0 m\u00e1 z\u00e1rove\u0148 t\u00fa nepr\u00edjemn\u00fa vlastnos\u0165, \u017ee sa sna\u017e\u00ed by\u0165 nato\u013eko odoln\u00fd vo\u010di neznalosti pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea (slangovo povedan\u00e9: \u201eblbuvzdorn\u00fd\u201c), \u017ee t\u00fdmto pr\u00edstupom d\u00e1va skoro a\u017e komfortn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti zlomyse\u013en\u00fdm pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom, ktor\u00ed sa sna\u017eia o\u00a0neopr\u00e1vnen\u00fd pr\u00edstup ku va\u0161im d\u00e1tam. Niet napr\u00edklad ani najmen\u0161ieho d\u00f4vodu, aby pre dom\u00e1ci po\u010d\u00edta\u010d bola povolen\u00e1 a\u00a0spusten\u00e1 slu\u017eba vzdialenej podpory, alebo vzdialen\u00e9ho prevzatia pracovnej plochy, at\u010f.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">N\u00e1prava:<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Cez ovl\u00e1dac\u00ed panel vypnite v\u0161etky nepou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby a odin\u0161talujte v\u0161etky dlhodobo nepou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie. Zoznamy syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch slu\u017eieb a\u00a0odpor\u00fa\u010dania na vypnutie n\u00e1jdete na mnoh\u00fdch web str\u00e1nkach, napr\u00edklad tu: <a href=\"http:\/\/itnavody.sk\/blogy\/software\/windows-xp-services\"><b>URL<\/b><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Obmedzte v\u0161etky slu\u017eby, kni\u017enice a mikroaplik\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 sa \u0161tartuj\u00fa automaticky po spusten\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010da. Jeden z\u00a0dobr\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov, ktor\u00fd v\u00e1m poskytne kontrolu nad sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165an\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami je Autoruns od firmy Sysinternals. Tento je dostupn\u00fd dokonca aj na str\u00e1nkach Microsoftu: <a href=\"http:\/\/technet.microsoft.com\/sk-sk\/sysinternals\/bb963902.aspx\"><b>URL<\/b><\/a>.<\/p>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<h1><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Z\u00e1ver<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>Vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e9 odpor\u00fa\u010dania s\u00fa vedome formulovan\u00e9 v\u0161eobecn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, aby bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 uplatni\u0165 ich nez\u00e1visle od konkr\u00e9tnej verzie opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu Windows.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0nadv\u00e4znosti na tento \u010dl\u00e1nok sa budeme sna\u017ei\u0165 jednotliv\u00e9 odpor\u00fa\u010dania rozpracova\u0165 aj s\u00a0konkr\u00e9tnymi n\u00e1vodmi.<\/p>\n<p>Na z\u00e1ver azda len jedna rada: ak si nie ste ist\u00ed t\u00fdm, \u010do rob\u00edte, po\u017eiadajte rad\u0161ej o\u00a0pomoc profesion\u00e1lneho informatika. Nevhodn\u00e1 rekonfigur\u00e1cia po\u010d\u00edta\u010da v\u00e1m nielen\u017ee nepom\u00f4\u017ee ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 va\u0161e d\u00e1ta, ale m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k\u00a0ich po\u0161kodeniu, zni\u010deniu alebo nevedom\u00e9mu zv\u00fd\u0161eniu rizika ich kompromit\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Na z\u00e1klade p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku uverejnen\u00e9ho na str\u00e1nke PCSTATS 29. Augusta 2007 \u201eBeginnersGuides: Ten Steps to a Secure PC\u201c od MikeDowlera, prelo\u017eil a\u00a0doplnil Ivan Makatura.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pcstats.com\/articleview.cfm?articleid=1598&amp;page=3\">http:\/\/www.pcstats.com\/articleview.cfm?articleid=1598&amp;page=3<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.infoconsult.sk\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"191\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/poradna-2\/logovpravo\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/logovpravo.png?fit=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"300,150\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"logovpravo\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/logovpravo.png?fit=300%2C150&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"size-full wp-image-191 alignright\" alt=\"logovpravo\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/logovpravo.png?resize=300%2C150&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>o informa\u010dnej bezpe\u010dnosti u\u017e toho bolo nap\u00edsan\u00e9 mnoho, nielen na tomto port\u00e1li. Nezainteresovan\u00fd \u201ebe\u017en\u00fd\u201c pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 ob\u010das opr\u00e1vnen\u00fd dojem, \u017ee je zo strany bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch profesion\u00e1lov neust\u00e1le iba vystr\u00edhan\u00fd pred mnoh\u00fdmi hrozbami internetu a\u00a0virtu\u00e1lneho prostredia, alebo zahlcovan\u00fd mno\u017estvom technick\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed z\u00a0te\u00f3rie informa\u010dnej bezpe\u010dnosti. A\u00a0n\u00e1sledne si tento pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e zrejme kladie ot\u00e1zku, ak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tne kroky by [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":1994,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[3],"tags":[32,100,45],"class_list":["post-1747","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-navody","tag-bezpecnost","tag-hardening","tag-navod"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 z\u00e1sady pre zabezpe\u010denie element\u00e1rnej \u00farovne bezpe\u010dnosti po\u010d\u00edta\u010da\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"I. 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Intuit\u00edvne ovl\u00e1danie v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1 automaticky bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 pre pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. Ako kolekt\u00edv autorov u\u017e nieko\u013eko rokov pracujeme na spr\u00edstupnen\u00ed t\u00e9m z\u00a0oblasti informa\u010dnej bezpe\u010dnosti. V\u00fdberom t\u00e9m\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Bezpe\u010dnos\u0165&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Bezpe\u010dnos\u0165","link":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/category\/itbezp\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Mikulas-Ucebnica3.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Mikulas-Ucebnica3.png?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Mikulas-Ucebnica3.png?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Mikulas-Ucebnica3.png?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":4531,"url":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/ucebnica-informacnej-bezpecnosti-z-pohladu-ucitela-a-zaroven-spoluautora\/","url_meta":{"origin":1747,"position":4},"title":"U\u010debnica informa\u010dnej bezpe\u010dnosti z poh\u013eadu u\u010dite\u013ea a z\u00e1rove\u0148 spoluautora","author":"Miroslav Bl\u0161\u00e1k","date":"26. septembra 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"U\u010debnica vo v\u0161eobecnosti nesl\u00fa\u017ei len pre \u017eiakov, ale pom\u00e1ha aj u\u010dite\u013eovi vo v\u00fdchovno-vzdel\u00e1vacom procese. Pravdou je, \u017ee je z\u00e1kladnou pom\u00f4ckou pre pedag\u00f3ga, v\u00a0ktorej by sa mali nach\u00e1dza\u0165 okrem teoretick\u00fdch poznatkov aj \u00falohy zameran\u00e9 na rozvoj myslenia, respekt\u00edve \u00falohy zameran\u00e9 na osvojovanie, precvi\u010dovanie a aplikovanie preberan\u00e9ho u\u010diva. Pr\u00e1ve to obsahuje \u201eU\u010debnica\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Bezpe\u010dnos\u0165&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Bezpe\u010dnos\u0165","link":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/category\/itbezp\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/knihy.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/knihy.jpg?resize=350%2C200&ssl=1 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/knihy.jpg?resize=525%2C300&ssl=1 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/knihy.jpg?resize=700%2C400&ssl=1 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/knihy.jpg?resize=1050%2C600&ssl=1 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":4482,"url":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/uspesne-vzdelavanie-informacnej-bezpecnosti-na-strednych-skolach-zavisi-na-miere-zosobnenia-temy-ziakmi\/","url_meta":{"origin":1747,"position":5},"title":"\u00daspe\u0161n\u00e9 vzdel\u00e1vanie Informa\u010dnej bezpe\u010dnosti na stredn\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch z\u00e1vis\u00ed na miere zosobnenia t\u00e9my \u017eiakmi","author":"Marek Zeman","date":"12. septembra 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Vzdel\u00e1vanie v\u00a0r\u00e1mci stredn\u00fdch \u0161k\u00f4l v\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa stret\u00e1va s\u00a0viacer\u00fdmi \u00faskaliami. Be\u017enou praxou na \u0161kol\u00e1ch je ch\u00fdbaj\u00faci materi\u00e1l, z\u00a0ktor\u00e9ho sa \u0161tudenti m\u00f4\u017eu kvalitne vzdel\u00e1va\u0165. U\u010debnice s\u00fa \u010dasto star\u00e9 alebo pr\u00edstupom nemodern\u00e9, celkovo nezauj\u00edmav\u00e9. Prostredie, triedy a\u00a0pom\u00f4cky ur\u010den\u00e9 na vzdel\u00e1vanie nie s\u00fa moderne vybaven\u00e9 a\u00a0nepodporuj\u00fa samotn\u00e9 vzdel\u00e1vanie. To je v\u00a0kontraste s\u00a0modernou technikou, s\u00a0ktorou\u2026","rel":"","context":"V &quot;Bezpe\u010dnos\u0165&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Bezpe\u010dnos\u0165","link":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/category\/itbezp\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Logo_Vzdelavanie.png?fit=450%2C381&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/safe-pc.jpg?fit=700%2C400&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1747","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1747"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1747\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1783,"href":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1747\/revisions\/1783"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1994"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1747"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1747"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1747"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}