{"id":3154,"date":"2016-03-07T10:11:12","date_gmt":"2016-03-07T09:11:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/?p=3154"},"modified":"2016-03-06T19:52:59","modified_gmt":"2016-03-06T18:52:59","slug":"zmeny-v-trestnom-prave-od-1-1-2016-pocitacova-kriminalita","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/zmeny-v-trestnom-prave-od-1-1-2016-pocitacova-kriminalita\/","title":{"rendered":"Zmeny v trestnom pr\u00e1ve od 1.1.2016 – po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 kriminalita"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ot\u00e1zka reagovania legislat\u00edvy na neust\u00e1le sa vyv\u00edjaj\u00face formy kriminality\u00a0 s\u00favisiacej s\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami je permanentn\u00fdm n\u00e1metom na r\u00f4zne diskusie laickej i\u00a0odbornej verejnosti.<\/p>\n

S\u00a0\u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165ou od 1.janu\u00e1ra 2016 vst\u00fapila do platnosti novela Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, ktor\u00e1 zasiahla aj do oblasti tzv. po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovej kriminality. Najz\u00e1sadnej\u0161ie zmeny z\u00a0poh\u013eadu po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovej kriminality priniesla ur\u010dite \u00a7 247 v\u00a0ktorom boli precizovan\u00e9 a\u00a0roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010diny \u00fazko s\u00favisiace s\u00a0po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami.<\/p>\n

\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a7247\u00a0\u00a0 Neopr\u00e1vnen\u00fd pr\u00edstup do po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kto prekon\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 opatrenie, a t\u00fdm z\u00edska neopr\u00e1vnen\u00fd pr\u00edstup do po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu alebo jeho \u010dasti, potrest\u00e1 sa od\u0148at\u00edm slobody a\u017e na dva roky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Trestn\u00e1 sadzba<\/strong><\/td>\n– pri \u0161kode zna\u010dn\u00e9ho rozsahu<\/td>\n– pri \u0161kode ve\u013ek\u00e9ho rozsahu
\n– ak sp\u00e1cha trestn\u00fd \u010din ako \u010dlen nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho zoskupenia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2 roky<\/td>\n1 \u2013 5 rokov<\/td>\n3 \u2013 8 rokov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a7 247a Neopr\u00e1vnen\u00fd z\u00e1sah do po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kto obmedz\u00ed alebo preru\u0161\u00ed fungovanie po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu alebo jeho \u010dasti
\n\u2022 neopr\u00e1vnen\u00fdm vkladan\u00edm, pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00edm, po\u0161koden\u00edm, vymazan\u00edm, zhor\u0161en\u00edm kvality, pozmenen\u00edm, potla\u010den\u00edm alebo znepr\u00edstupnen\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch \u00fadajov, alebo
\n\u2022 t\u00fdm, \u017ee urob\u00ed neopr\u00e1vnen\u00fd z\u00e1sah do technick\u00e9ho alebo programov\u00e9ho vybavenia po\u010d\u00edta\u010da a z\u00edskan\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie neopr\u00e1vnene zni\u010d\u00ed, po\u0161kod\u00ed, vyma\u017ee, pozmen\u00ed alebo zn\u00ed\u017ei ich kvalitu,<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Trestn\u00e1 sadzba<\/strong><\/td>\n– pri \u0161kode zna\u010dn\u00e9ho rozsahu<\/p>\n

– sp\u00f4soben\u00ed v\u00e1\u017enej poruchy v \u010dinnosti \u0161t\u00e1tneho org\u00e1nu, org\u00e1nu \u00fazemnej samospr\u00e1vy, s\u00fadu alebo in\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu verejnej moci<\/p>\n

– zneu\u017eit\u00ed osobn\u00fdch \u00fadajov s\u00a0cie\u013eom z\u00edska\u0165 d\u00f4veru tretej strany<\/td>\n

– pri \u0161kode ve\u013ek\u00e9ho rozsahu- sp\u00f4soben\u00ed v\u00e1\u017enej poruchy v\u00a0kritickej infra\u0161trukt\u00fare<\/p>\n

– ak sp\u00e1cha trestn\u00fd \u010din ako \u010dlen nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho zoskupenia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

6 mesiacov a\u017e 3 roky<\/td>\n3 \u2013 8 rokov<\/td>\n4 \u2013 10 rokov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

Kritick\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

objekty osobitnej d\u00f4le\u017eitosti, \u010fal\u0161ie d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 objekty, vybran\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00e9 a komunika\u010dn\u00e9 prostriedky, zariadenia na v\u00fdrobu a z\u00e1sobovanie vodou, elektrickou energiou, ropou a zemn\u00fdm plynom a \u010fal\u0161ie \u010dasti majetku \u0161t\u00e1tu a podnikate\u013esk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch a fyzick\u00fdch os\u00f4b ur\u010den\u00e9 vl\u00e1dou SR alebo in\u00fdm kompetentn\u00fdm org\u00e1nom \u0161t\u00e1tnej spr\u00e1vy, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa nevyhnutn\u00e9 na zvl\u00e1dnutie kr\u00edzov\u00fdch situ\u00e1ci\u00ed, ochranu obyvate\u013estva a majetku, na zaistenie minim\u00e1lneho chodu ekonomiky a spr\u00e1vy \u0161t\u00e1tu, ako aj jeho vonkaj\u0161ej a vn\u00fatornej bezpe\u010dnosti a ktor\u00e9 je nutn\u00e9 \u0161peci\u00e1lne ochra\u0148ova\u0165. S\u00fa to zariadenia, slu\u017eby a informa\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my \u017eivotne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre obyvate\u013eov a riadenie \u0161t\u00e1tu, ktor\u00fdch nefunk\u010dnos\u0165 alebo zni\u010denie m\u00f4\u017ee ohrozi\u0165 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 z\u00e1ujmy \u0161t\u00e1tu<\/em><\/p>\n

\u0160IM\u00c1K, L., HOR\u00c1\u010cEK, J., NOV\u00c1K, L., N\u00c9METH, \u013d., M\u00cdKA, V. 2005. Terminologick\u00fd slovn\u00edk kr\u00edzov\u00e9ho riadenia. \u017dilina: F\u0160I \u017dU, 2005. 44 s. ISBN 80-88829-75-5<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

\n

\u00a7 247b Neopr\u00e1vnen\u00fd z\u00e1sah do po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho \u00fadaja<\/strong>
\nKto \u00famyselne po\u0161kod\u00ed, vyma\u017ee, pozmen\u00ed, potla\u010d\u00ed alebo znepr\u00edstupn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 \u00fadaje alebo zhor\u0161\u00ed ich kvalitu v r\u00e1mci po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu alebo jeho \u010dasti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Trestn\u00e1 sadzba<\/strong><\/td>\n– pri \u0161kode zna\u010dn\u00e9ho rozsahu<\/p>\n

– sp\u00f4soben\u00ed v\u00e1\u017enej poruchy v \u010dinnosti \u0161t\u00e1tneho org\u00e1nu, org\u00e1nu \u00fazemnej samospr\u00e1vy, s\u00fadu alebo in\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu verejnej moci<\/p>\n

– zneu\u017eit\u00ed osobn\u00fdch \u00fadajov s\u00a0cie\u013eom z\u00edska\u0165 d\u00f4veru tretej strany<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

– pri \u0161kode ve\u013ek\u00e9ho rozsahu<\/p>\n

– sp\u00f4soben\u00ed v\u00e1\u017enej poruchy v\u00a0kritickej infra\u0161trukt\u00fare<\/p>\n

– ak sp\u00e1cha trestn\u00fd \u010din ako \u010dlen nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho zoskupenia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

6 mesiacov a\u017e 3 roky<\/td>\n3 \u2013 8 rokov<\/td>\n4 \u2013 10 rokov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a7 247c Neopr\u00e1vnen\u00e9 zachyt\u00e1vanie po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch \u00fadajov<\/strong>
\nKto neopr\u00e1vnene zachyt\u00e1va po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 \u00fadaje prostredn\u00edctvom technick\u00fdch prostriedkov neverejn\u00fdch prenosov po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch \u00fadajov do po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, z neho alebo v jeho r\u00e1mci vr\u00e1tane elektromagnetick\u00fdch emisi\u00ed z po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, ktor\u00fd obsahuje tak\u00e9to po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 \u00fadaje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Trestn\u00e1 sadzba<\/strong><\/td>\n– pri osobitnom mot\u00edve<\/p>\n

– pri z\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161om sp\u00f4sobe konania<\/p>\n

– pri \u0161kode zna\u010dn\u00e9ho rozsahu<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n

– pri \u0161kode ve\u013ek\u00e9ho rozsahu<\/p>\n

– ak sp\u00e1cha trestn\u00fd \u010din ako \u010dlen nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho zoskupenia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

6 mesiacov \u2013 3 roky<\/td>\n3 \u2013 8 rokov<\/td>\n4 \u2013 10 rokov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kto ako zamestnanec poskytovate\u013ea elektronickej komunika\u010dnej slu\u017eby sp\u00e1cha \u010din uveden\u00fd v odseku 1 alebo in\u00e9mu \u00famyselne umo\u017en\u00ed sp\u00e1cha\u0165 tak\u00fd \u010din, alebo pozmen\u00ed alebo potla\u010d\u00ed spr\u00e1vu podan\u00fa prostredn\u00edctvom elektronickej komunika\u010dnej slu\u017eby<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1 \u2013 5 rokov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a7 247d V\u00fdroba a dr\u017eba pr\u00edstupov\u00e9ho zariadenia, hesla do po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu alebo in\u00fdch \u00fadajov<\/strong>
\nKto v \u00famysle sp\u00e1cha\u0165 trestn\u00fd \u010din neopr\u00e1vnen\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu do po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu pod\u013ea \u00a7 247, neopr\u00e1vnen\u00e9ho z\u00e1sahu do po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu pod\u013ea \u00a7 247a, neopr\u00e1vnen\u00e9ho z\u00e1sahu do po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho \u00fadaja pod\u013ea \u00a7 247b alebo neopr\u00e1vnen\u00e9ho zachyt\u00e1vania po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch \u00fadajov pod\u013ea \u00a7 247c vyrob\u00ed, dovezie, obstar\u00e1, k\u00fapi, pred\u00e1, vymen\u00ed, uvedie do obehu alebo akoko\u013evek spr\u00edstupn\u00ed<\/p>\n

\u2022 zariadenie vr\u00e1tane po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho programu vytvoren\u00e9 na neopr\u00e1vnen\u00fd pr\u00edstup do po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu alebo jeho \u010dasti, alebo
\n\u2022 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 heslo, pr\u00edstupov\u00fd k\u00f3d alebo podobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00face pr\u00edstup do po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu alebo jeho \u010dasti,<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Trestn\u00e1 sadzba<\/strong><\/td>\n– pri \u0161kode zna\u010dn\u00e9ho rozsahu<\/td>\n– pri \u0161kode ve\u013ek\u00e9ho rozsahu<\/p>\n

– ak sp\u00e1cha trestn\u00fd \u010din ako \u010dlen nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho zoskupenia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

a\u017e na 2 roky<\/td>\n6 mesiacov \u2013 3 roky<\/td>\n1 \u2013 5 rokov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n

 <\/p>\n

Pomerne \u010dastou argument\u00e1ciou\u00a0 je t\u00e9ma legislat\u00edvneho pokrytia vybran\u00fdch problematick\u00fdch oblast\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovej kriminalita ako napr\u00edklad ot\u00e1zky kyber\u0161ikanovania \u010di t\u00e9my cybergroomingu. Preto bude vhodn\u00e9 na tomto mieste doplni\u0165 e\u0161te dva paragrafy trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa pr\u00e1ve t\u00fdchto dvoch fenom\u00e9nov.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a7 360a Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 prenasledovanie<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Kto in\u00e9ho dlhodobo prenasleduje tak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, \u017ee to m\u00f4\u017ee vzbudi\u0165 d\u00f4vodn\u00fa obavu o jeho \u017eivot alebo zdravie, \u017eivot alebo zdravie jemu bl\u00edzkej osoby alebo podstatn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom zhor\u0161i\u0165 kvalitu jeho \u017eivota, t\u00fdm, \u017ee:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    …<\/p>\n

    …<\/p>\n

    c) ho kontaktuje prostredn\u00edctvom tretej osoby alebo elektronickej komunika\u010dnej slu\u017eby<\/strong>, p\u00edsomne alebo inak proti jeho v\u00f4li,<\/p>\n

    d) zneu\u017eije jeho osobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje na \u00fa\u010del z\u00edskania osobn\u00e9ho alebo in\u00e9ho kontaktu.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \u00a7 201a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Kto prostredn\u00edctvom elektronickej komunika\u010dnej slu\u017eby<\/strong> navrhne die\u0165a\u0165u mlad\u0161iemu ako p\u00e4tn\u00e1s\u0165 rokov osobn\u00e9 stretnutie<\/strong> v \u00famysle sp\u00e1cha\u0165 na \u0148om trestn\u00fd \u010din sexu\u00e1lneho zneu\u017e\u00edvania alebo trestn\u00fd \u010din v\u00fdroby detskej pornografie, pri\u010dom s\u00e1m nie je die\u0165a\u0165om, potrest\u00e1 sa od\u0148at\u00edm slobody na \u0161es\u0165 mesiacov a\u017e tri roky.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Verme, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj legislat\u00edvy (a to nie len trestn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va) pokr\u00fdvaj\u00facej problematiku spadaj\u00facej do kateg\u00f3rie zau\u017e\u00edvanej pod pojmom po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 kriminalita neostane pri t\u00fdchto \u00faprav\u00e1ch. V\u00fdvoj technol\u00f3gi\u00ed a\u00a0s\u00a0n\u00edm sp\u00e4t\u00fd v\u00fdvoj riz\u00edk je tak dynamick\u00fd, \u017ee zaosta\u0165 s\u00a0v\u00fdvojom legislat\u00edvy reaguj\u00facej \u017eivo na nov\u00e9 fenom\u00e9ny by prinieslo rad aplika\u010dn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov nie len na \u00faseku represie ale rovnako aj v\u00a0t\u00e9me prevencie.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Jaroslav Oster<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ot\u00e1zka reagovania legislat\u00edvy na neust\u00e1le sa vyv\u00edjaj\u00face formy kriminality\u00a0 s\u00favisiacej s\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami je permanentn\u00fdm n\u00e1metom na r\u00f4zne diskusie laickej i\u00a0odbornej […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3186,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-itkrim"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t