{"id":3192,"date":"2016-03-12T15:34:46","date_gmt":"2016-03-12T14:34:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/?p=3192"},"modified":"2016-03-16T10:35:57","modified_gmt":"2016-03-16T09:35:57","slug":"kybersikanovanie-sa-moze-skoncit-zapisom-v-registri-trestov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/kybersikanovanie-sa-moze-skoncit-zapisom-v-registri-trestov\/","title":{"rendered":"Kyber\u0161ikanovanie sa m\u00f4\u017ee skon\u010di\u0165 z\u00e1pisom v registri trestov"},"content":{"rendered":"

… \u010fal\u0161\u00ed zo s\u00e9rie pripravovan\u00fdch rozhovorov pre redakciu elektronick\u00e9ho port\u00e1lu LCinfo.sk<\/strong>, cel\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok preber\u00e1me v plnom znen\u00ed bez redak\u010dn\u00fdch \u00faprav<\/p>\n

\n

Pred dvomi t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ami sme \u010ditate\u013eom port\u00e1lu LCinfo.sk<\/strong> priniesli rozhovor s predsedom OZ Preventista \u2013 zdru\u017eenie pre bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a\u00a0prevenciu a s\u00fadnym znalcom Jaroslavom Osterom, s ktor\u00fdm sme debatovali na t\u00e9mu Facebook.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

V druhom zo s\u00e9rie rozhovorov v\u00e1m pribl\u00ed\u017eime probl\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd je v\u00a0digit\u00e1lnom svete \u010dast\u00fdm javom \u2013 kyber\u0161ikanu.<\/p>\n

\u010co je kyber\u0161ikana a\u00a0ako sa prejavuje?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0160ikana je opakovan\u00e9 a cielen\u00e9 konanie, ktor\u00e9ho z\u00e1merom je zosmie\u0161\u0148ova\u0165, ubli\u017eova\u0165 a zneva\u017eova\u0165 osobu obete. Pojem kyber\u0161ikana sa udom\u00e1cnil ako term\u00edn pre pomenovanie tak\u00fdchto aktiv\u00edt, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 pomocou komunika\u010dn\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed.\u00a0Kyber\u0161ikana m\u00e1 r\u00f4zne formy od koment\u00e1rov na soci\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach, cez zverej\u0148ovanie int\u00edmnych a modifikovan\u00fdch fotografi\u00ed, a\u017e po ob\u0165a\u017eovanie prezv\u00e1\u0148an\u00edm a v\u00fdhra\u017en\u00fdmi SMS\u00a0spr\u00e1vami. Vymenova\u0165 detailne v\u0161etky alternat\u00edvy, s\u00a0ktor\u00fdmi sa v\u00a0praxi m\u00f4\u017eete stretn\u00fa\u0165, je takmer nemo\u017en\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n

D\u00e1 sa ur\u010di\u0165 typ \u0161ikanuj\u00faceho?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nie. Doned\u00e1vna vl\u00e1dol fenom\u00e9n, \u017ee \u0161ikanuj\u00faci s\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou mladistv\u00ed a \u013eudia s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm intelektom. V\u00fdvoj v\u0161ak ukazuje, \u017ee je to \u0161irokospektr\u00e1lna t\u00e9ma a je zlo\u017eit\u00e9 vy\u0161pecifikova\u0165, ktor\u00e1 skupina m\u00e1 tendenciu \u0161ikanova\u0165.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u010co teda \u013eud\u00ed ku kyber\u0161ikanovaniu vedie?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Motivuj\u00face faktory s\u00fa r\u00f4zne. Z vlastn\u00fdch sk\u00fasenost\u00ed tvrd\u00edm, \u017ee ide o kompenz\u00e1ciu odborn\u00fdch, mor\u00e1lnych \u010di \u013eudsk\u00fdch nedostatkov a motiv\u00e1torom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 aj ak\u00e1si forma z\u00e1bavy. Ako sme spom\u00ednali v predo\u0161lom \u010dl\u00e1nku, konanie niektor\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed v digit\u00e1lnom svete, aj kyber\u0161ikanuj\u00facich, je iracion\u00e1lne. Kv\u00f4li pseudoanynymite sa spr\u00e1vaj\u00fa iracion\u00e1lne.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u010co ak nejde o pocit anonymity a tohto konania sa dop\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa pod vlastn\u00fdm menom?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tak\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov je m\u00e1lo. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou vystupuj\u00fa pod prez\u00fdvkami a vymyslen\u00fdmi identitami. \u0160ikanuj\u00faci s\u00fa si obvykle vedom\u00ed toho, \u017ee ich konanie prekra\u010duje hranice mor\u00e1lky a\u00a0\u010dasto aj z\u00e1kona. Preto verejn\u00e9 formy \u0161ikanovania maskuj\u00fa fikt\u00edvnou, vymyslenou alebo \u010dasto aj \u201eukradnutou\u201c identitou.<\/em><\/p>\n

D\u00e1 sa pred kyber\u0161ikanou br\u00e1ni\u0165?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0164a\u017eko sa vyhn\u00fa\u0165 tomu, aby sme sa stali ter\u010dom \u00fatoku niekoho, kto m\u00e1 d\u00f4vod a\u00a0snahu \u201eza\u00fato\u010di\u0165\u201c. Tu je sk\u00f4r d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, ako sa zachova\u0165, ak u\u017e tak\u00e1to situ\u00e1cia nastane. Opakovane tvrd\u00edm, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvatelia najm\u00e4 soci\u00e1lnych siet\u00ed by sa v\u00a0digit\u00e1lnom priestore mali chova\u0165 pod\u013ea rovnak\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed ako v re\u00e1lnom svete. Ak sa napr\u00edklad stanete obe\u0165ou \u0161ikanovania v re\u0161taur\u00e1cii, ur\u010dite sa budete sna\u017ei\u0165 vyhn\u00fa\u0165 priamemu konfliktu. Vo virtu\u00e1lnom svete \u013eudia \u010dasto konaj\u00fa iracion\u00e1lne a v pr\u00edpade kyber\u0161ikany\u00a0id\u00fa do konfliktu. Zapoja sa do diskusie, sna\u017eia sa situ\u00e1ciu vysvetli\u0165 alebo sa za\u010dn\u00fa vyhr\u00e1\u017ea\u0165. V\u0161etko je zbyto\u010dn\u00e9, preto\u017ee tak\u00e1to aktivita zvy\u010dajne vy\u00fasti do intez\u00edvnej\u0161ieho \u00fatoku, \u010di dokonca m\u00f4\u017ee prekro\u010di\u0165 hranice digit\u00e1lneho sveta.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ako by sa teda mali \u013eudia v takom pr\u00edpade spr\u00e1va\u0165?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vo vz\u0165ahu k \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkovi sa treba spr\u00e1va\u0165 pas\u00edvne a by\u0165 akt\u00edvny v oblasti vlastnej obrany. V pr\u00edpade prekro\u010denia hran\u00edc z\u00e1kona treba poda\u0165 trestn\u00e9 ozn\u00e1menie.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ako\u00a0vieme rozl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165, kedy kyber\u0161ikana prekro\u010d\u00ed hranice z\u00e1kona?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kyber\u0161ikana m\u00e1 z\u00a0m\u00f4jho poh\u013eadu tri stupne z\u00e1va\u017enosti, ale samozrejme poh\u013ead na jej dopad je v\u017edy individu\u00e1lny. Prv\u00fdm s\u00fa lacn\u00e9 pokusy o vtip, nad ktor\u00fdmi sa d\u00e1 m\u00e1vnu\u0165 rukou alebo ich obr\u00e1ti\u0165 na humor. Druh\u00fdm, v\u00e1\u017enej\u0161\u00edm, je situ\u00e1cia kedy m\u00e1 kybe\u0161ikanovanie potenci\u00e1lne v\u00e1\u017enej\u0161\u00ed obsah a\u00a0m\u00f4\u017ee obeti prek\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 a vystavuje ju posmechu bl\u00edzkeho okolia, av\u0161ak nem\u00e1 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 dopady \u2013 tu je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie n\u00e1strojov soci\u00e1lnych siet\u00ed, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm sa d\u00e1 pr\u00edspevok nahl\u00e1si\u0165 nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi kliknutiami a\u00a0dosiahnu\u0165 t\u00fdm jeho odstr\u00e1nenie \u010di zablokovanie profilu \u201e\u00fato\u010dn\u00edka\u201c. Tret\u00edm stup\u0148om s\u00fa pr\u00edpady, kedy kyber\u0161ikana zasahuje do \u017eivota a\u00a0m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1lne v\u00e1\u017eny dopad na soci\u00e1lny status \u201eobete\u201c \u2013 hroz\u00ed v\u00e1\u017ene po\u0161kodenie dobr\u00e9ho mena v\u00a0okol\u00ed, strata zamestnania a podobne.\u00a0V tomto pr\u00edpade odpor\u00fa\u010dam\u00a0poda\u0165 trestn\u00e9 ozn\u00e1menie. Prax ukazuje, \u017ee pr\u00e1ve v\u00a0tak\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch sa \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk v\u010faka tomu \u010dasto spam\u00e4t\u00e1 a od konania upust\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

\"Jaroslav<\/a><\/p>\n

Jaroslav Oster. FOTO: Jozef Miku\u0161<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u010co kyber\u0161ikanuj\u00facemu hroz\u00ed v pr\u00edpade dok\u00e1zania viny?<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00a0trestnom pr\u00e1ve je problematika ist\u00fdch foriem \u0161ikanovania prostredn\u00edctvom komunika\u010dn\u00fdch elektronick\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov o\u0161etren\u00e1 v \u00a7360 Trestn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona.\u00a0Z\u00e1vis\u00ed od vy\u0161etrovate\u013ea, \u010di skutok klasifikuje ako pre\u010din alebo ako trestn\u00fd \u010din.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a7<\/em>360a Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 prenasledovanie<\/em><\/p>\n

Kto in\u00e9ho dlhodobo prenasleduje tak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, \u017ee to m\u00f4\u017ee vzbudi\u0165 d\u00f4vodn\u00fa obavu o jeho \u017eivot alebo zdravie, \u017eivot alebo zdravie jemu bl\u00edzkej osoby alebo podstatn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom zhor\u0161i\u0165 kvalitu jeho \u017eivota, t\u00fdm, \u017ee:<\/em><\/p>\n

c) ho kontaktuje prostredn\u00edctvom tretej osoby alebo elektronickej komunika\u010dnej slu\u017eby, p\u00edsomne alebo inak proti jeho v\u00f4li,<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u00a0predo\u0161lom rozhovore ste skon\u0161tatovali, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165 za\u010d\u00edna po zverejnen\u00ed na internete \u017ei\u0165 vlastn\u00fd \u017eivot. Na Facebooku existuj\u00fa str\u00e1nky, ktor\u00e9 zverej\u0148uj\u00fa tak\u00e9to aktivity (napr\u00edklad koment\u00e1re) aj s uveden\u00edm mena a fotografie. D\u00e1 sa to pova\u017eova\u0165 za formu kyber\u0161ikany?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Je to individu\u00e1lne. Dotknut\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee aj kon\u0161trukt\u00edvnu debatu \u010di opr\u00e1vnen\u00fa kritiku vn\u00edma\u0165 ako kyber\u0161ikanu. V takom pr\u00edpade sa daj\u00fa pou\u017ei\u0165 n\u00e1stroje, ktor\u00fdmi po\u017eiadate administr\u00e1torov Facebooku na presk\u00famanie a\u00a0pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 odstr\u00e1nenie pr\u00edspevku. Probl\u00e9mom je, \u017ee \u013eudia \u010dasto neuv\u00e1\u017eene zverej\u0148uj\u00fa nie\u010do, \u010do vz\u00e1p\u00e4t\u00ed o\u013eutuj\u00fa. Aj na internete v\u0161ak plat\u00ed, \u017ee vysloven\u00e9 u\u017e nevezmete sp\u00e4\u0165. Ak nie\u010do v digit\u00e1lnom svete uverejn\u00edm, mus\u00ed to by\u0165 nie\u010do, \u010do si dok\u00e1\u017eem obh\u00e1ji\u0165.<\/em><\/p>\n

S ak\u00fdmi najhor\u0161\u00edmi pr\u00edpadmi kyber\u0161ikany ste sa stretli?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vo v\u0161eobecnosti ide preva\u017ene o zverej\u0148ovanie int\u00edmnych fotografi\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 je \u010dast\u00fdm javom najm\u00e4 v \u0161kolskom prostred\u00ed. Obe\u0165 niekomu poskytne int\u00edmne fotky a ten ich n\u00e1sledne spr\u00edstupn\u00ed okruhu svojich priate\u013eov alebo dokonca zverejn\u00ed. V takom pr\u00edpade je inici\u00e1torom kyber\u0161ikany vlastne neuv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 konanie obete, nako\u013eko pr\u00e1ve poskytnut\u00edm ve\u013emi d\u00f4vern\u00fdch osobn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed umo\u017enila ich n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00edrenie. Popularita tak\u00fdchto fotografi\u00ed je zna\u010dn\u00e1, nako\u013eko s\u00fa \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 na str\u00e1nkach bulv\u00e1rneho charakteru za \u00fa\u010delom zvy\u0161ovania n\u00e1v\u0161tevnosti, kde cie\u013eom je zar\u00e1banie na takzvanej cielenej reklame (PPC).<\/em><\/p>\n

Kto tak\u00e9 fotografie zverej\u0148uje?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010casto ide aj o b\u00fdval\u00fdch partnerov, ktor\u00ed sa chc\u00fa tak\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom pomsti\u0165. Neuvedomuj\u00fa si, \u017ee ten druh\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee utrpie\u0165 v\u00e1\u017enej\u0161ie straty, ne\u017e je zlomenie ega. Hovor\u00edm o strate zamestnania \u010di o samovra\u017ede. V\u00a0poslednej dobe sa v\u0161ak st\u00e1le \u010dastej\u0161ie objavuj\u00fa pr\u00edpady, kedy \u201eobe\u0165\u201c poskytne tak\u00e9to \u00fadaje nezn\u00e1memu \u010dloveku v\u00a0domnen\u00ed, \u017ee komunikuje so zn\u00e1mym, priate\u013eom. A\u017e nesk\u00f4r sa preuk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee \u0161lo o\u00a0komunikuj\u00faceho s\u00a0nastr\u010denou identitou.<\/em><\/p>\n

Obe\u0165ami\u00a0kyber\u0161ikany\u00a0s\u00fa\u00a0v mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch\u00a0deti. Ako rodi\u010d zist\u00ed, \u017ee je jeho die\u0165a obe\u0165ou?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Treba si v\u0161\u00edma\u0165 nezvy\u010dajn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie. Die\u0165a sa sna\u017e\u00ed zatajova\u0165 elektronick\u00fa komunik\u00e1ciu, men\u00ed svoje spr\u00e1vanie, uzatv\u00e1ra sa do seba a vym\u00fd\u0161\u013ea r\u00f4zne met\u00f3dy na to, aby zabr\u00e1nilo pr\u00edstupu dospel\u00fdch k po\u010d\u00edta\u010du. Celkovo by v\u0161ak zmena spr\u00e1vania vo vz\u0165ahu k po\u010d\u00edta\u010du mala by\u0165 \u0161tart\u00e9rom pre rodi\u010dov, aby za\u010dali zis\u0165ova\u0165, \u010do sa deje.<\/em><\/p>\n

Zistil som, \u017ee moje die\u0165a je obe\u0165ou kyber\u0161ikany. Ako m\u00e1m postupova\u0165 \u010falej?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Objavilo sa mnoho pr\u00edpadov, kedy si deti vymysleli, \u017ee ich dospel\u00ed kyber\u0161ikanuj\u00fa.\u00a0Z\u00e1kladom je preto rozhovor a zmapovanie situ\u00e1cie. Potom treba v\u0161etko rie\u0161i\u0165 s chladnou hlavou, nikdy nie na vlastn\u00fa p\u00e4s\u0165. Je nutn\u00e9 vyh\u013eada\u0165 spolupr\u00e1cu so \u0161kolou a v pr\u00edpade rovesn\u00edkov n\u00e1js\u0165 s rodi\u010dmi kyber\u0161ikanuj\u00faceho formu spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho postupu. Rodi\u010dia v\u0161ak zvykn\u00fa reagova\u0165 presne naopak. Zak\u00e1\u017eu die\u0165a\u0165u pr\u00edstup k po\u010d\u00edta\u010du a soci\u00e1lnym sie\u0165am, \u010d\u00edm ho vyl\u00fa\u010dia z kolekt\u00edvu. Druhou chybou je agresivita. Probl\u00e9m rie\u0161ia n\u00e1silne z o\u010d\u00ed do o\u010d\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u010co by ste na z\u00e1ver poradili kyber\u0161ikanovan\u00fdm i kyber\u0161ikanuj\u00facim?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Netreba prepada\u0165 panike, ni\u010d nie je tak\u00e9 v\u00e1\u017ene, ako sa na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead zd\u00e1. V\u017edy sa treba nad\u00fdchnu\u0165 a zamyslie\u0165 sa nad t\u00fdm, \u010di to, \u010do sa stalo, m\u00e1 skuto\u010dne v\u00e1\u017ene dopady a \u010di to bude popul\u00e1rne aj zajtra. Ak nie, nem\u00e1 zmysel sa tomu venova\u0165. Pre kyber\u0161ikanuj\u00facich m\u00e1m odkaz, aby si premysleli dosahy svojho konania. Nevinn\u00e1 z\u00e1bavka m\u00f4\u017ee skon\u010di\u0165 ako trestn\u00fd \u010din a \u0161tartova\u0165 do \u017eivota so z\u00e1pisom v trestnom registri nie je ide\u00e1lne.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0 http:\/\/lcinfo.sk\/8846-2\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Rozhovor pre redakciu LCinfo.sk poskytol<\/b>:<\/p>\n

Jaroslav Oster, predseda spr\u00e1vnej rady OZ Preventista – zdru\u017eenie pre bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a prevenciu<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

… \u010fal\u0161\u00ed zo s\u00e9rie pripravovan\u00fdch rozhovorov pre redakciu elektronick\u00e9ho port\u00e1lu LCinfo.sk, cel\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok preber\u00e1me v plnom znen\u00ed bez redak\u010dn\u00fdch \u00faprav Pred dvomi t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ami sme \u010ditate\u013eom port\u00e1lu LCinfo.sk priniesli rozhovor s predsedom OZ Preventista \u2013 zdru\u017eenie pre bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a\u00a0prevenciu a s\u00fadnym znalcom Jaroslavom Osterom, s ktor\u00fdm sme debatovali na t\u00e9mu Facebook. V druhom zo s\u00e9rie rozhovorov […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3205,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[32,23,86,38],"class_list":["post-3192","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-itbezp","tag-bezpecnost","tag-it-kriminalita","tag-kybersikana","tag-socialne-siete"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/kybersikana.jpg?fit=700%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":4119,"url":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/top10-autorov-sutaze-informacna-bezpecnost-ja-a-moja-skola-35\/","url_meta":{"origin":3192,"position":0},"title":"TOP10 autorov s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ee Informa\u010dn\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165, ja a moja \u0161kola","author":"Redakcia","date":"16. febru\u00e1ra 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Emily Budayov\u00e1, Z\u0160 \u010co vlastne znamen\u00e1 Informa\u010dn\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 ? Instagram, Facebook, Messenger\u2026to s\u00fa soci\u00e1lne siete ktor\u00e9 pozn\u00e1 ur\u010dite ka\u017ed\u00fd, ale nie ka\u017ed\u00fd vie do ak\u00e9ho rizika sa dost\u00e1va, ak si ned\u00e1 pozor! 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