{"id":775,"date":"2013-07-31T13:50:32","date_gmt":"2013-07-31T11:50:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/?p=775"},"modified":"2014-02-04T00:07:56","modified_gmt":"2014-02-03T23:07:56","slug":"bezpecna-siet-wi-fi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/bezpecna-siet-wi-fi\/","title":{"rendered":"Bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 sie\u0165 Wi-Fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Je va\u0161a dom\u00e1ca bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e1 sie\u0165 bezpe\u010dn\u00e1?<\/b><\/p>\n

V\u00a0dne\u0161nej dobe plnej smartf\u00f3nov, tabletov a\u00a0kadejak\u00fdch in\u00fdch \u2013ov si u\u017e nedok\u00e1\u017eeme predstavi\u0165 \u017eivot bez pripojenia na internet. \u010casy, kedy ste museli na pripojenie \u010daka\u0165 5 min\u00fat a\u00a0popri tom ste po\u010d\u00favali kr\u00e1snu symf\u00f3niu zvukov V\u00e1\u0161ho modemu s\u00fa u\u017e d\u00e1vno za nami. Vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov je u\u017e mobiln\u00fd internet samozrejmos\u0165ou a\u00a0pocit, \u017ee sme st\u00e1le dostupn\u00ed je na nezaplatenie. Ale povedzme si \u00faprimne, pre\u010do by sme mali vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 d\u00e1tov\u00e9 pripojenie\u00a0mobile, ke\u010f sed\u00edme v\u00a0pohodl\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161ho domova a\u00a0ved\u013ea po\u010d\u00edta\u010da v\u00e1m blik\u00e1 Wi-Fi router?<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

Niekto ma sleduje.<\/b><\/p>\n

Mnoh\u00ed z\u00a0V\u00e1s si ur\u010dite neuvedomuj\u00fa, ak\u00fa \u0161kodu dok\u00e1\u017ee zdatnej\u0161\u00ed \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk sp\u00f4sobi\u0165, pokia\u013e nem\u00e1te Va\u0161u dom\u00e1cu sie\u0165 dobre zabezpe\u010den\u00fa. A\u00a0to nehovor\u00edme len o\u00a0tom, \u017ee by cez Va\u0161e pripojenie surfoval na internete. Pripojenie DSL internetu funguje tak, \u017ee V\u00e1m poskytovate\u013e slu\u017eieb prirad\u00ed verejn\u00fa IP adresu a\u00a0V\u00e1\u0161 router pomocou NAT slu\u017eby vykon\u00e1 preklad verejnej adresy na priv\u00e1tnu \u2013 tak\u00e1, ak\u00fa pou\u017e\u00edvate vo va\u0161ej sieti a\u00a0nie je pr\u00edstupn\u00e1 z\u00a0vonku.\u00a0 Ka\u017ed\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d tak vo va\u0161ej priv\u00e1tnej sieti predstavuje len jednu adresu \u2013 aj keby t\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov bolo 100. Teda pokia\u013e by sa \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk pripojil k\u00a0va\u0161ej sieti a\u00a0sp\u00e1chal nejak\u00fd zlo\u010din, pol\u00edcia vystopuje va\u0161u verejn\u00fa IP adresu a\u00a0ako prv\u00e9ho m\u00f4\u017ee obvini\u0165 V\u00e1s.<\/p>\n

Niekedy len sta\u010d\u00ed, aby \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk zistil heslo do va\u0161ej sieti a\u00a0dok\u00e1\u017ee odpo\u010d\u00fava\u0165 v\u0161etko \u010do rob\u00edte. P\u00e1\u010dilo by sa V\u00e1m, keby za vami cel\u00fd de\u0148 behal nezn\u00e1my \u010dlovek a\u00a0zapisoval si v\u0161etko \u010do rob\u00edte? V\u0161etky va\u0161e prihlasovacie \u00fadaje do r\u00f4znych slu\u017eieb, va\u0161e stla\u010den\u00e9 kl\u00e1vesy a\u00a0pod. ? Ur\u010dite nie. Sledovanie na internete si m\u00f4\u017eeme predstavi\u0165 \u00faplne rovnako. Pokia\u013e m\u00e1te zdie\u013ean\u00fd nejak\u00fd prie\u010dinok, \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00edstup aj k\u00a0nemu, \u010d\u00edm sa dostane k\u00a0d\u00e1tam vo va\u0161om po\u010d\u00edta\u010di. Je to ako keby k\u00a0V\u00e1m domov hocikedy niekto vo\u0161iel a\u00a0za\u010dal sa prehrab\u00e1va\u0165 vo va\u0161ej chladni\u010dke. Ur\u010dite by V\u00e1m to nebolo pr\u00edjemn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Uk\u00e1\u017eem V\u00e1m nieko\u013eko tipov ako zabezpe\u010di\u0165 va\u0161u bezdr\u00f4tov\u00fa sie\u0165 a\u00a0ako sa \u010do naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie vyhn\u00fa\u0165 naru\u0161eniu bezpe\u010dnosti siete.<\/p>\n

SSID \u2013 to mi nie\u010do hovor\u00ed…<\/b><\/p>\n

Skratka SSID predstavuje n\u00e1zov sieti, ktor\u00fd je vysielan\u00fd \u00a0v\u0161etk\u00fdm bezdr\u00f4tov\u00fdm zariadeniam v\u00a0okol\u00ed. \u00a0\u00a0SSID m\u00f4\u017eeme pova\u017eova\u0165 za prv\u00fd krok k\u00a0zabezpe\u010deniu sieti \u2013 prv\u00e1 inform\u00e1cia, ktor\u00fa \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk uvid\u00ed. Odpor\u00fa\u010da sa pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 tak\u00fd n\u00e1zov, ktor\u00fd medzi vami a\u00a0va\u0161ou sie\u0165ou nevytvor\u00ed \u017eiadnu jasn\u00fa s\u00favislos\u0165.\u00a0 V\u00a0mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch (t\u00fdka sa to hlavne dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed) je vhodn\u00e9 SSID siete skry\u0165. \u00dato\u010dn\u00edk va\u0161u sie\u0165 neuvid\u00ed a\u00a0tak ostanete aspo\u0148 do ur\u010dit\u00e9ho \u010dasu chr\u00e1nen\u00fd. Samozrejme, t\u00ed zdatnej\u0161\u00ed si dok\u00e1\u017eu zobrazi\u0165 aj skryt\u00e9 siete a preto prejdeme k\u00a0\u010fal\u0161iemu druhu zabezpe\u010denia.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\"wifi<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Prihlasovacie \u00fadaje s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9.<\/b><\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e9 zariadenie je po k\u00fape potrebn\u00e9 konfigurova\u0165 – zada\u0165 pr\u00edstupov\u00e9 \u00fadaje, ktor\u00e9 ste obdr\u017eali od poskytovate\u013ea slu\u017eieb, zapn\u00fa\u0165 bezdr\u00f4tov\u00fa sie\u0165 a\u00a0pod.. Pri pristupovan\u00ed k\u00a0zariadeniu cez webov\u00e9 rozhranie, je potrebn\u00e9 zada\u0165 meno a\u00a0heslo. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina sie\u0165ov\u00fdch prvkov do dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed m\u00e1 prihlasovacie \u00fadaje admin\/admin <\/i>\u00a0alebo user\/user<\/i>. Na str\u00e1nkach v\u00fdrobcov tak\u00fato inform\u00e1ciu ur\u010dite n\u00e1jdete. A\u00a0pr\u00e1ve toto m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 kame\u0148om \u00farazu.\u00a0 Ak sa podar\u00ed \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkovi pripoji\u0165 na va\u0161u sie\u0165, dok\u00e1\u017ee sa tie\u017e dosta\u0165 do konfigura\u010dn\u00e9ho rozhrania v\u00e1\u0161ho zariadenia a\u00a0prestavi\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 parametre, pr\u00edpadne mu sta\u010d\u00ed nasadi\u0165 program, ktor\u00fd bude sledova\u0165 va\u0161u aktivitu na internete. Je potrebn\u00e9 br\u00e1ni\u0165 sa vo\u010di tak\u00e9muto neopr\u00e1vnen\u00e9mu pr\u00edstupu, preto by malo by\u0165\u00a0 z\u00e1kladom zmeni\u0165 tieto \u00fadaje pod\u013ea odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00fdch tipov na bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 heslo. U\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9 meno m\u00f4\u017eete zmeni\u0165 napr. na adm1n <\/i>\u00a0a\u00a0ako heslo sa odpor\u00fa\u010da pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ni\u010d nehovoriaci text, ktor\u00fd sa sklad\u00e1 z\u00a0alfanumerick\u00fdch znakov (ve\u013ek\u00e9 a\u00a0mal\u00e9 p\u00edsmen\u00e1, \u010d\u00edsla).<\/p>\n

\u0160ifrujem, \u0161ifruje\u0161, \u0161ifrujeme…<\/b><\/p>\n

Najpodstatnej\u0161\u00edm krokom pri tvorbe kvalitne zabezpe\u010denej Wi-Fi siete je \u0161ifrovanie. V\u00a0roku 1997 vznikol prv\u00fd sp\u00f4sob \u0161ifrovania bezdr\u00f4tov\u00fdch siet\u00ed s\u00a0n\u00e1zvom WEP. Av\u0161ak u\u017e v\u00a0roku 2001 bol prelomen\u00fd, tak\u017ee mus\u00edte uzna\u0165 sami \u2013 nie je asi ve\u013emi bezpe\u010dn\u00fd, \u017ee?<\/p>\n

Jeho nasledovn\u00edkom je WPA. V\u00a0dne\u0161nej dobe u\u017e vo verzii 2 \u2013 WPA2. Pre dom\u00e1cnosti sa pou\u017e\u00edva WPA2-personal, ktor\u00fd nevy\u017eaduje overovac\u00ed server pri kontrole hesla.\u00a0 Pri tomto protokole si m\u00f4\u017eete tie\u017e nastavi\u0165 druh \u0161ifrovania. V\u00a0klasick\u00fdch dom\u00e1cich routeroch pozn\u00e1me dva druhy \u2013 AES a\u00a0TKIP. AES \u0161ifrovanie je spo\u013eahlivej\u0161ie a\u00a0\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie av\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee nasta\u0165 probl\u00e9m s\u00a0kompatibilitou so star\u0161\u00edmi zariadeniami. TKIP poskytuje siln\u00e9 zabezpe\u010denie av\u0161ak odpor\u00fa\u010da sa vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 \u0161ifrovanie AES.<\/p>\n

Pri nastavovan\u00ed protokolu WPA2 je potrebn\u00e9 zada\u0165 aj PSK (pre-shared key).\u00a0 Je to prakticky heslo do siete. Pri tvorbe hesla op\u00e4\u0165 m\u00f4\u017eeme vyu\u017ei\u0165 alfanumerick\u00e9 znaky.<\/p>\n

\"wifi<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"wifi4\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zadan\u00fd PSK k\u013e\u00fa\u010d je len ilustra\u010dn\u00fd.<\/h6>\n

Filter MAC adries \u2013 ochrana vo\u010di \u00fatoku?<\/b><\/p>\n

Drviv\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina dom\u00e1cich routerov a\u00a0pr\u00edstupov\u00fdch bodov (AP) m\u00e1 vo svojich nastaveniach mo\u017enos\u0165 filtrovania MAC adries. V\u00a0praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nastav\u00edte MAC adresy, ktor\u00e9 sa m\u00f4\u017eu do siete prip\u00e1ja\u0165 a\u00a0v\u0161etky ostatn\u00e9 bude na\u0161e zariadenie odmieta\u0165. Jedn\u00e1 sa o\u00a0relat\u00edvne siln\u00fa ochranu, ke\u010f\u017ee \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk mus\u00ed ma\u0165 adresu zadan\u00fa v\u00a0syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch nastaveniach routera. V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti v\u0161ak existuje nieko\u013eko sp\u00f4sobov ako m\u00f4\u017ee \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk t\u00fato adresu zisti\u0165 a\u00a0duplikova\u0165 ju na svoje zariadenie a\u00a0z\u00edska\u0165 tak pr\u00edstup do siete. Napriek tomu je v\u0161ak filtrovanie MAC adries spolo\u010dne so statick\u00fdmi IP adresami jednou z\u00a0\u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch techn\u00edk ako s\u0165a\u017ei\u0165 \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkovi pr\u00edstup do siete.<\/p>\n

\n

Pokia\u013e b\u00fdvate v\u00a0panel\u00e1ku a\u00a0okolo V\u00e1s b\u00fdvaj\u00fa v\u00fdhradne d\u00f4chodcovia, naru\u0161enia dom\u00e1cej siete sa zrejme ob\u00e1va\u0165 nemus\u00edte. Rovnako ak m\u00e1te star\u0161\u00ed router, ktor\u00e9ho dosah ledva sta\u010d\u00ed na pokrytie v\u00e1\u0161ho bytu. \u010co ak v\u0161ak m\u00e1te v\u00fdkonnej\u0161ie zariadenie a\u00a0v\u00e1\u0161 sign\u00e1l chyt\u00e1 e\u0161te aj sused o\u00a03 poschodia vy\u0161\u0161ie? Dok\u00e1\u017ee pokojne vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 internet banking ke\u010f viete, \u017ee V\u00e1s m\u00f4\u017ee odpo\u010d\u00fava\u0165 \u010fal\u0161\u00edch 10 \u013eud\u00ed?<\/em><\/p>\n

Bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 dom\u00e1ca sie\u0165 je jednou z\u00a0mo\u017enost\u00ed, ako si chr\u00e1ni\u0165 svoje s\u00fakromie a\u00a0ako udr\u017ea\u0165 svoje citliv\u00e9 osobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje skryt\u00e9 pred zrakmi \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed V\u00e1s chc\u00fa po\u0161kodi\u0165 alebo okradn\u00fa\u0165.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tom\u00e1\u0161 Paulus<\/em><\/p>\n

tomas.paulus@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Je va\u0161a dom\u00e1ca bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e1 sie\u0165 bezpe\u010dn\u00e1? V\u00a0dne\u0161nej dobe plnej smartf\u00f3nov, tabletov a\u00a0kadejak\u00fdch in\u00fdch \u2013ov si u\u017e nedok\u00e1\u017eeme predstavi\u0165 \u017eivot bez pripojenia na internet. \u010casy, kedy ste museli na pripojenie \u010daka\u0165 5 min\u00fat a\u00a0popri tom ste po\u010d\u00favali kr\u00e1snu symf\u00f3niu zvukov V\u00e1\u0161ho modemu s\u00fa u\u017e d\u00e1vno za nami. Vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov je u\u017e mobiln\u00fd internet samozrejmos\u0165ou a\u00a0pocit, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1944,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[32,45,22],"class_list":["post-775","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-itbezp","tag-bezpecnost","tag-navod","tag-sukromie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/bezpecna-wifi.jpg?fit=700%2C400&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":3072,"url":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/otazky-z-relacie-radio-regina-4-2-2016\/","url_meta":{"origin":775,"position":0},"title":"Ot\u00e1zky z rel\u00e1cie R\u00e1dio Regina 4.2.2016","author":"Redakcia","date":"5. febru\u00e1ra 2016","format":false,"excerpt":"\u010eakujeme za ot\u00e1zky, ktor\u00e9 ste n\u00e1m poslali do rozhlasovej rel\u00e1cie Porad\u00edme vysvetl\u00edme vysielanej 4.2.2016 z banskobystrick\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fadia\u00a0r\u00e1dia Regina. 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Aby sme vyhoveli v\u0161etk\u00fdm, hos\u0165 rel\u00e1cie Ing.Jaroslav Oster poskytol odpovede na jednotliv\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky aj v p\u00edsomnej forme. \u010eal\u0161ie ot\u00e1zky budeme prid\u00e1va\u0165\u2026","rel":"","context":"V "Bezpe\u010dnos\u0165"","block_context":{"text":"Bezpe\u010dnos\u0165","link":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/category\/itbezp\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/radio.jpg?fit=625%2C469&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/radio.jpg?fit=625%2C469&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/radio.jpg?fit=625%2C469&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x"},"classes":[]},{"id":2143,"url":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/spustite-siet-2-ked-sa-vam-sluzba-odoprie\/","url_meta":{"origin":775,"position":1},"title":"„Spustite sie\u0165! 2“ – Ke\u010f sa v\u00e1m slu\u017eba odoprie","author":"T.Paulus","date":"18. j\u00fala 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"\u00a0 \"Spustite sie\u0165! 2\" -\u00a0Ke\u010f sa v\u00e1m slu\u017eba odoprie Prv\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 n\u00e1m stru\u010dne pribl\u00ed\u017eila problematiku sie\u0165ovej bezpe\u010dnosti a\u00a0s\u00a0\u0148ou s\u00favisiace \u00fatoky na 3 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 piliere bezpe\u010dnosti \u2013 d\u00f4vernos\u0165, integrita, dostupnos\u0165. 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Niekto aby mohol pracova\u0165 k\u00fdm, niekto pre z\u00e1bavu, niekto len tak aby nestratil spojenie so svetom.... rozhodli sme sa aktualizova\u0165 a roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 \u010dl\u00e1nok publikovan\u00fd pred dvomi rokmi. \u00a0\u2026","rel":"","context":"V "Bezpe\u010dnos\u0165"","block_context":{"text":"Bezpe\u010dnos\u0165","link":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/category\/itbezp\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"zas su tu dovolenky","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/zas-su-tu-dovolenky.jpg?fit=700%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/zas-su-tu-dovolenky.jpg?fit=700%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/zas-su-tu-dovolenky.jpg?fit=700%2C400&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/zas-su-tu-dovolenky.jpg?fit=700%2C400&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":4053,"url":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/top10-autorov-sutaze-informacna-bezpecnost-ja-a-moja-skola-4\/","url_meta":{"origin":775,"position":3},"title":"TOP10 autorov s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ee Informa\u010dn\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165, ja a moja \u0161kola","author":"Redakcia","date":"19. janu\u00e1ra 2021","format":false,"excerpt":"Luk\u00e1\u0161 L\u00ed\u0161ka, Evanjelick\u00e9 kolegi\u00e1lne gymn\u00e1zium, Pre\u0161ov \u017dijeme v dobe internetovej. 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Makatura","date":"8. janu\u00e1ra 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"Informa\u010dn\u00e9 akt\u00edva. Zdanlivo zlo\u017eit\u00fd v\u00fdraz, zjednodu\u0161ene povedan\u00e9, v\u0161etky d\u00e1ta, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa pre \u010dloveka aktu\u00e1lnu, potenci\u00e1lnu alebo historick\u00fa hodnotu. Ke\u010f\u017ee \u00a0zabezpe\u010denie d\u00e1t prostriedkami informa\u010dn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, bolo predmetom minul\u00fdch \u00favah, t\u00fdmto \u010dl\u00e1nkom nadvia\u017eem na Desatoro bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da\u00a0. Nie z\u00a0poh\u013eadu stroja a\u00a0jeho zabezpe\u010denia, ale z\u00a0poh\u013eadu \u010dloveka a\u00a0jeho konania. 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