{"id":851,"date":"2013-08-01T14:47:37","date_gmt":"2013-08-01T12:47:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/?p=851"},"modified":"2014-02-04T00:18:28","modified_gmt":"2014-02-03T23:18:28","slug":"it-kriminalita-v-pracovnom-prostredi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/it-kriminalita-v-pracovnom-prostredi\/","title":{"rendered":"IT kriminalita v pracovnom prostred\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Informa\u010dn\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie a\u00a0kriminalita. T\u00e9ma, ktor\u00e1 sa dnes rad\u00ed medzi nesporne najdiskutovanej\u0161ie t\u00e9my v\u00a0oblasti IT. Je opraden\u00e1\u00a0 \u010dasto r\u00fa\u0161kom ak\u00e9hosi tajomstva, podfarben\u00e1 medi\u00e1lnymi senz\u00e1ciami \u2013 na strane jednej \u010dasto mystifikovan\u00e1 \u2013 na strane druhej podce\u0148ovan\u00e1 a\u00a0t\u00fdm p\u00e1dom rizikov\u00e1. A\u00a0pr\u00e1ve jej podce\u0148ovanie, neakceptovanie hrozieb, ktor\u00e9 so sebou prin\u00e1\u0161a je d\u00f4vodom na to, aby sa o\u00a0t\u00e9me p\u00edsalo, rozpr\u00e1valo, diskutovalo a\u00a0h\u013eadali rie\u0161enia.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0prvom rade uve\u010fme na poriadok pojem IT kriminalita alebo po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 kriminalita. Pojem je roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fd sk\u00f4r slangovo (prevzat\u00fd z\u00a0angl. \u201ecomputer crime\u201c) a\u00a0v\u00a0slovenskom trestnom pr\u00e1ve zatia\u013e ako priamy pojem nezakotven\u00fd, \u010do samozrejme neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee by slovensk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo nepoznalo problematiku trestnej \u010dinnosti s\u00faviacej s\u00a0vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm (teda tu sa sk\u00f4r hod\u00ed pojem \u201ezneu\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm) \u00a0informa\u010dno-komunika\u010dn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed. Pojem po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 kriminalita bol v\u00a0n\u00e1v\u00e4znosti na potenci\u00e1lny v\u00fdvoj na\u0161ej legislat\u00edvy prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t definovan\u00fd dokumentom\u00a0 nazvan\u00fdm <i>Dohovor o\u00a0po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovej kriminalite (2001)<\/i> ratifikovan\u00fd v\u00a0roku 2007, ktor\u00fd zaviedol zauj\u00edmav\u00fa kategoriz\u00e1ciu \u010dinov namieren\u00fdch proti d\u00f4vernosti, dostupnosti a integrite po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov, siet\u00ed a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch \u00fadajov:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u00a0trestn\u00e9 \u010diny proti d\u00f4vernosti, celistvosti a funk\u010dnosti po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch \u00a0\u00fadajov a syst\u00e9mov<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0nez\u00e1konn\u00fd pr\u00edstup<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 odpo\u010d\u00favanie<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0zasahovanie do \u00fadajov<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0zasahovanie do syst\u00e9mu<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0zneu\u017eitie zariaden\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0<b>po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010diny<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0fal\u0161ovanie spojen\u00e9 s po\u010d\u00edta\u010dom<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0podvod spojen\u00fd s po\u010d\u00edta\u010dom<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>trestn\u00e9 \u010diny s\u00favisiace s obsahom<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li>trestn\u00e9 \u010diny s\u00favisiace s detskou pornografiou<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0<b>trestn\u00e9 \u010diny s\u00favisiace s poru\u0161en\u00edm autorsk\u00fdch a pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00a0principi\u00e1lneho h\u013eadiska je mo\u017en\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010diny rozdeli\u0165 na dve z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 skupiny:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><b>priame <\/b><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><b><\/b>zameran\u00e9 proti prostriedkom IKT (po\u010d\u00edta\u010dom), obvykle \u010diny smeruj\u00face k\u00a0naru\u0161eniu d\u00f4vernosti, dostupnosti a\u00a0integrite ale rovnako aj \u010diny klasickej majetkovej kriminality (odcudzenie, zni\u010denie, zneu\u017e\u00edvanie)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<div style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><b>nepriame<\/b><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0trestn\u00e9 \u010diny p\u00e1chan\u00e9 pomocou po\u010d\u00edta\u010da, kde po\u010d\u00edta\u010d je len modernej\u0161\u00edm a\u00a0v\u00fdkonej\u0161\u00edm prostriedkom na sp\u00e1chanie \u010dinu<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Osobitou t\u00e9mou je problematika, ktor\u00fa prednazna\u010dil u\u017e n\u00e1zov \u010dl\u00e1nku \u2013 ot\u00e1zka \u201epo\u010d\u00edta\u010dovej kriminality\u201c v\u00a0pracovnom prostred\u00ed, kde na \u201ep\u00e1chanie\u201c trestnej \u010dinnosti s\u00fa vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 akt\u00edva (hardv\u00e9r, softv\u00e9r, internetov\u00e1 konektivita) zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>T\u00e9ma modern\u00e1, masov\u00e1 &#8211; Internet<\/b><\/p>\n<p><i>Facebook, pokec, chat, web-str\u00e1nky, ftp&#8230;\u00a0 <\/i>\u0165a\u017eko dnes v\u00a0praxi n\u00e1jdete zamestnanca,\u00a0 ktor\u00fd by internetov\u00fa konektivitu niekedy nepou\u017eil aj na \u00fa\u010dely nes\u00favisiace s\u00a0v\u00fdkonom jeho pracovn\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed \u2013 od nevinn\u00e9ho nahliadnutia do elektronickej \u017eiackej kni\u017eky die\u0165a\u0165a, cez surfovanie po r\u00f4znych WEB-str\u00e1nkach a\u017e po pr\u00edpady aktiv\u00edt, ktor\u00e9 presahuj\u00fa hranice mor\u00e1lky, obchodn\u00e9ho, pracovn\u00e9ho \u010di dokonca a\u017e hranice trestn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va. \u00a0Len nieko\u013eko \u0161tatistick\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsiel:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>prieskum na vzorke 1.460 respondentov preuk\u00e1zal &#8211; <b>57%<\/b> z\u00a0osloven\u00fdch vyu\u017e\u00edva slu\u017eby soci\u00e1lnych siet\u00ed s\u00a0priemernou dobou 40 min\u00fat t\u00fd\u017edenne <i>(zdroj:\u00a0 Morse\/TNS)<\/i><\/li>\n<li><b>40%<\/b> aktiv\u00edt na internete v\u00a0pracovnom \u010dase nes\u00favis\u00ed s\u00a0pracovn\u00fdmi aktivitami <i>(zdroj:\u00a0 IDC)<\/i><\/li>\n<li><b>50%<\/b> respondendovan\u00fdch prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013eov IKTz\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00fdch v prieskume Redshift Research sa neob\u00e1va \u00faniku d\u00e1t cez zamestnancov<\/li>\n<li>v\u00a0prieskume medzi 280 firmami v\u00a0\u010cR <b>len<\/b> <b>12%<\/b> zamestancov vyu\u017e\u00edva\u00a0 internetov\u00fa konektivitu na v\u00fdhradne pracovn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, <b>20%<\/b> tr\u00e1vi minim\u00e1lne 30 min\u00fat aktivitami nes\u00favisiacimi s\u00a0ich pr\u00e1covn\u00fdm zaraden\u00edm a\u00a0pracovnom n\u00e1pl\u0148ou (<i>zdroj: Ernst &amp; Young, \u010cR<\/i>)<\/li>\n<li>pod\u013ea prieskumu <i>Cyberk-Ark software<\/i> by viac ako 30% respondentov v\u00a0USA pou\u017eilo pre odcudzenie citliv\u00fdch \u00fadajov zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea e-mailov\u00fa po\u0161tu a\u00a0viac ako 10% extern\u00fd WEB pre ukladanie d\u00e1t\u00a0 &#8211; viac ako 50% z\u00a0osloven\u00fdch by za cie\u013e svojho z\u00e1ujmu pova\u017eovali datab\u00e1zy kontaktov a z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Pozn: <\/b><\/p>\n<p><em>najrizikovej\u0161\u00edm st\u00e1le ost\u00e1vaj\u00fa USB pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9 zariadenia \u2013 napr\u00edklad pod\u013ea posledn\u00e9ho uveden\u00e9ho prieskumu by ich vyu\u017eilo viac ako 50% respondentov<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Ot\u00e1zka sa v\u0161ak net\u00fdka len problematiky vyu\u017e\u00edvania internetovej konektivity, ale v\u0161eobecne majetku zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea. Nesporne tak\u00e9to aktivity ist\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom vpl\u00fdvaj\u00fa aj na efektivitu vyu\u017e\u00edvania pracovn\u00e9ho \u010dasu zamestnanca a\u00a0je v\u00a0ruk\u00e1ch zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea n\u00e1js\u0165\u00a0 akceptovate\u013en\u00fa hranicu po ktor\u00fa je ochotn\u00fd podobn\u00e9 aktivity akceptova\u0165 a\u00a0nepova\u017eova\u0165 ich za poru\u0161ovanie pracovnej discipl\u00edny v\u00a0zmysle platnej legislat\u00edvy.\u00a0 Optim\u00e1lne nastavenie tolerovate\u013enej hranice m\u00f4\u017ee naopak zvy\u0161ova\u0165 pracovn\u00fa pohodu a\u00a0zamestanci ho m\u00f4\u017eu vn\u00edma\u0165 ako pr\u00ednosn\u00fd benefit zo strany zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea. Na mieste je v\u0161ak ot\u00e1zka kde \u00a0je hranica za ktor\u00fa by tolerancia zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea v\u00a0tejto ot\u00e1zke nemala v\u00a0\u017eiadnom pr\u00edpade presahova\u0165 a\u00a0kde by mal zamestn\u00e1vate\u013e vo vlastnom z\u00e1ujme radik\u00e1lne zakro\u010di\u0165 ?\u00a0 Nesporne situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch kde preuk\u00e1zate\u013ene za\u010d\u00edna by\u0165 majetok zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd na aktivity po\u0161kodzuj\u00face z\u00e1ujmy \u010di dobr\u00e9 meno zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea.<\/p>\n<p>Pre ilustr\u00e1ciu sn\u00e1\u010f len nieko\u013eko pr\u00edkladov z\u00a0mnoh\u00fdch:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>vyu\u017e\u00edvanie IKT na s\u00fakromn\u00e9 \u201e aktivity\u201c \u010dasto zach\u00e1dzaj\u00face za hranice zdvorilosti, ba \u010dasto ide o\u00a0aktivity a\u017e podnikate\u013esk\u00e9ho charakteru \u00a0\u2013 tla\u010d, napa\u013eovanie m\u00e9di\u00ed, programovanie s\u00a0vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm strojov\u00e9ho \u010dasu a\u00a0rad \u010fal\u0161\u00edch,<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0s\u0165ahovanie\/ \u0161\u00edrenie d\u00e1t podliehaj\u00facich autorsko-pr\u00e1vnej ochrane \u2013 softv\u00e9r, filmov\u00e9 a\u00a0hudobn\u00e9 diela \u010di in\u00e9 autorsk\u00e9 diela v\u00a0multimedi\u00e1lnom form\u00e1te,<\/li>\n<li>s\u0165ahovanie\/\u0161\u00edrenie d\u00e1t s\u00a0nemor\u00e1lnym alebo protiz\u00e1konn\u00fdm obsahom \u2013 napr.detsk\u00e1 pornografia,<\/li>\n<li>vytv\u00e1ranie neautentick\u00fdch d\u00e1t s\u00a0cie\u013eom vyd\u00e1va\u0165 tieto za autentick\u00e9 \u2013 dokumenty pre p\u00e1chanie podvodov preva\u017ene ekonomick\u00e9ho charakteru,<\/li>\n<li>po\u0161kodzovanie z\u00e1ujmov zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea \u2013 zap\u00e1janie sa do diskusi\u00ed nepracovn\u00e9ho charakteru, spr\u00edstup\u0148ovanie d\u00f4vern\u00fdch d\u00e1t, d\u00e1t podliehaj\u00facich z\u00e1konnej ochrane (napr.osobn\u00e9 \u00fadaje),<\/li>\n<li>zneu\u017e\u00edvanie internetovej konektivity zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea na maskovanie identity pri zverej\u0148ovan\u00ed pr\u00edspevkov na chatov\u00fdch port\u00e1loch \u2013 najm\u00e4 pr\u00edspevky charakteru ohov\u00e1rania, zverej\u0148ovania priv\u00e1tnych kompromituj\u00facich fotografi\u00ed a\u00a0videoz\u00e1znamov,\u00a0 klamliv\u00fdch inzer\u00e1tov,<\/li>\n<li>a\u00a0rad \u010fal\u0161\u00edch<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>D\u00f4vody?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Dominantn\u00fdm d\u00f4vodom mnoh\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov b\u00fdva neznalos\u0165 v\u00a0r\u00f4znych jej form\u00e1ch. Ako pr\u00edklad mo\u017eno uvies\u0165 falo\u0161n\u00fd pocit anonymity na internetov\u00fdch diskusn\u00fdch f\u00f3rach<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Spomedzi mno\u017estva \u010fal\u0161\u00edch d\u00f4vodov medzi najfrekventovanej\u0161ie mo\u017eno ur\u010dite zaradi\u0165 nasledovn\u00e9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>snaha o finan\u010dn\u00fd profit<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0vlastn\u00fd prospech<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0v prospech tretej strany<\/li>\n<li>v\u00fdstrednos\u0165, snaha o\u00a0publicitu, z\u00edskanie obdivu kolegov<\/li>\n<li>frustr\u00e1cia, snaha o\u00a0pomstu, skratov\u00e9 chovanie<\/li>\n<li>zv\u00fd\u0161enie \u0161anc\u00ed na trhu pr\u00e1ce z\u00edskan\u00edm inform\u00e1ci\u00ed \u00a0&#8211; prieskumy i\u00a0praktick\u00e9 sk\u00fasenosti poukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee tendencia z\u00edskava\u0165 citliv\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej miere sa objavuje u\u017e pri potenci\u00e1lnej hrozbe straty zamestnania<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Rizik\u00e1 pre zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>V\u0161eobecne je rizikov\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea IKT v\u00a0prostred\u00ed zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea ne\u017eelate\u013en\u00fdm javom \u2013 je toti\u017e prvkom, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00e1sadne ohrozi\u0165\u00a0 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 prev\u00e1dzky infrorm\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a\u00a0nar\u00e1bania s\u00a0d\u00e1tami, sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 fina\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161kody. \u00a0Pokia\u013e v\u0161ak konanie zamestnanca-pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea prekra\u010duje hranice kde je zasahuje za hranicu trestn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, prib\u00fada rad \u010fal\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1sadn\u00fdch riz\u00edk, spome\u0148me aspo\u0148 tie najproblematickej\u0161ie:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>fina\u010dn\u00e9 straty<\/li>\n<li>po dobu vy\u0161etrovania podozrenia z\u00a0trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 predmety pomocou ktor\u00fdch bola vykon\u00e1van\u00e1 trestn\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165 zadr\u017ean\u00e9 ako d\u00f4kazn\u00e9 predmety<\/li>\n<li>nepr\u00edjemn\u00e1 publicita v\u00a0m\u00e9di\u00e1ch<\/li>\n<li>po\u0161kodenie mena firmy spojen\u00e9 s\u00a0rizikom straty prest\u00ed\u017ee<\/li>\n<li>dopady na person\u00e1lnu politiku<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Prv\u00fd level = zvy\u0161ovanie \u00farovne poznania zamestnancov<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Prevencia,\u00a0 re\u0161trikcie, kontrola.\u00a0 Jednoducho nap\u00edsan\u00e9, \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie realizovate\u013en\u00e9. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdm a\u00a0dos\u0165 v\u00e1\u017enym probl\u00e9mom je stav IT gramotnosti pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov. Principi\u00e1lne m\u00f4\u017eeme vyhl\u00e1si\u0165, \u017ee v\u00a0na\u0161ich zemepisn\u00fdch podmienkach sme po rokoch zna\u010dne post\u00fapili v\u00a0ot\u00e1zke z\u00e1kladnej IT gramotnosti (z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 ovl\u00e1danie po\u010d\u00edta\u010da), ale ot\u00e1zka poznatkov z\u00e1kladnej bezpe\u010dnosti informa\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov, ich nadv\u00e4zuj\u00facej legislat\u00edve, z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch n\u00e1vykov.\u00a0 T\u00e1to ot\u00e1zka \u00fazko s\u00favis\u00ed s\u00a0radom \u010fal\u0161\u00edch \u2013 od n\u00edzkeho pr\u00e1vneho povedomia cez\u00a0 nedostato\u010dnos\u0165 legislat\u00edvy a\u00a0jej praktickej realiz\u00e1cie a\u017e po poh\u013ead zamestn\u00e1vate\u013eov na re\u00e1lnos\u0165 rizika.\u00a0 Pritom plat\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00fd pr\u00ednc\u00edp: \u201ePou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e, ktor\u00fd neporozumie, nepochop\u00ed a\u00a0nestoto\u017en\u00ed sa s\u00a0d\u00f4vodmi zav\u00e1dzania ak\u00fdchko\u013evek opatren\u00ed je rizikov\u00fdm prvkom \u2013 z\u00a0h\u013eadiska nespo\u013eahlivosti, nepredv\u00eddate\u013enosti a\u00a0nemo\u017eno podce\u0148ova\u0165 ani potenci\u00e1lny z\u00e1mer v\u00a0konan\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/sec_edu_dovody.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-853\" alt=\"sec_edu_dovody\" src=\"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/sec_edu_dovody.png\" width=\"661\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/sec_edu_dovody.png 661w, https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/sec_edu_dovody-150x102.png 150w, https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/sec_edu_dovody-300x204.png 300w, https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/sec_edu_dovody-140x94.png 140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 661px) 100vw, 661px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Zavedenie cyklick\u00e9ho vzdel\u00e1vania resp. v\u010dlenenie problematiky do existuj\u00faceho syst\u00e9mu vzdel\u00e1vania zamestnancov je ide\u00e1lnym n\u00e1strojom nie len pre u\u017e zvy\u0161ovanie bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9ho povedomia zamestnancov, ale prin\u00e1\u0161a e\u0161te minim\u00e1lne dva nezanedbate\u013en\u00e9 efekty:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>p\u00f4sob\u00ed prevent\u00edvne nako\u013eko u\u017e vlastn\u00e1 realiz\u00e1cia nez\u00e1visle na jej forme je odkazom, \u017ee zamestn\u00e1vate\u013e t\u00e9mu identifikuje a\u00a0sleduje jej stav v\u00a0organiz\u00e1cii<\/li>\n<li>poskytuje sp\u00e4tn\u00fa v\u00e4zbu \u2013 pri spr\u00e1vnej cykli\u010dnosti a\u00a0forme realiz\u00e1cie poskytne vzdel\u00e1vanie priestor na diskusiu v\u00a0ktorej s\u00fa zmapovate\u013en\u00e9 postoje, n\u00e1vyky a\u00a0aplikovanie intern\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch po\u017eiadaviek pri pr\u00e1ci s\u00a0IKT\u00a0 a\u00a0rovnako aj \u00a0\u00farove\u0148 poznania nov\u00fdch riz\u00edk zo strany zamestnancov<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/sec_edu_2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-854\" alt=\"sec_edu_2\" src=\"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/sec_edu_2-300x292.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/sec_edu_2-300x292.png 300w, https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/sec_edu_2-150x146.png 150w, https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/sec_edu_2-38x38.png 38w, https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/sec_edu_2.png 491w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Level druh\u00fd = re\u0161trikt\u00edvne opatrenia<\/b><\/p>\n<p>U\u017e len spr\u00e1vna konfigur\u00e1cia opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov a\u00a0aplika\u010dn\u00fdch programov je \u010dasto prvotn\u00fdm krokom k\u00a0prevent\u00edvnemu predch\u00e1dzaniu vzniku probl\u00e9mu. Vymenovanie be\u017en\u00fdch \u201epochyben\u00ed\u201c, ktor\u00e9 dnes v\u00a0praxi m\u00f4\u017eete n\u00e1js\u0165 by bolo t\u00e9mou pre nieko\u013eko n\u00e1sobne rozsiahlej\u0161\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nok. Spome\u0148me aspo\u0148 niektor\u00e9:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0neexistuj\u00face, neaktulizovan\u00e9 alebo nefunk\u010dn\u00e9 protiv\u00edrusov\u00e9 prostriedky<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0neexistuj\u00faca alebo nespr\u00e1vne vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 heslov\u00e1 politika (d\u00f4vernos\u0165 hesiel, spolo\u010dn\u00e9 kont\u00e1,..)<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0nekontrolovan\u00e1 vyu\u017eite\u013enos\u0165 akt\u00edv\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0neobmedzen\u00fd a\u00a0nekontrolovan\u00fd pr\u00edstup k\u00a0internetu<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0neriaden\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvanie extern\u00fdch pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed (preva\u017ene USB zariaden\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0neobmedzen\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvanie tla\u010dov\u00fdch prostriedkov<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Zar\u00e1\u017eaj\u00facim s\u00fa napr\u00edklad zistenia, ak\u00fdm bol napr\u00edklad prieskum Redshift Research 2008 \u2013 mimochodom celkom korektne odzrkad\u013euj\u00faci re\u00e1lny stav aj v\u00a0na\u0161ich podmienkach a\u00a0z\u00a0ktor\u00e9ho vyplynuli\u00a0 mimo in\u00fdch tri zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 t\u00e9my:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/vymenne_media_Res.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-852\" alt=\"vymenne_media_Res\" src=\"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/vymenne_media_Res.png\" width=\"582\" height=\"83\" srcset=\"https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/vymenne_media_Res.png 582w, https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/vymenne_media_Res-150x21.png 150w, https:\/\/preventista.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/vymenne_media_Res-300x42.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 582px) 100vw, 582px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Je zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee bez re\u0161trikt\u00edvnych opatren\u00ed realizovan\u00fdch technick\u00fdmi (ale aj organiza\u010dn\u00fdmi) opatreniami je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9, teda sk\u00f4r nemo\u017en\u00e9 uva\u017eova\u0165 o\u00a0akejko\u013evek prevencii. \u010casto myln\u00fd poh\u013ead, \u017ee s\u00fa to zbyto\u010dne vynalo\u017een\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00e9 prostriedky alebo \u017ee zavedenie z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch opatren\u00ed mus\u00ed predstavova\u0165 extr\u00e9mne n\u00e1klady je zav\u00e1dzaj\u00faci a\u00a0man\u017e\u00e9ri \u010dasto precitaj\u00fa a\u017e v\u00a0okamihu vzniku z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho incidentu.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Level tret\u00ed = bez sp\u00e4tnej v\u00e4zby to nejde<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Syst\u00e9m nech je akoko\u013evek dokonal\u00fd sa bez sp\u00e4tnov\u00e4zobnej s\u013eu\u010dky st\u00e1va nestabiln\u00fdm. Preto sp\u00e4tn\u00e1 kontrola, ktor\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee poskytn\u00fa\u0165 inform\u00e1ciu o\u00a0dodr\u017eiavan\u00ed a\u00a0dopadoch zaveden\u00fdch opatren\u00ed m\u00e1 svoj opodstatnen\u00fd zmysel a\u00a0v\u00fdznam.\u00a0 Monitorovanie aktiv\u00edt pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov v\u00a0r\u00e1mci perimetra siete poskytuje rad pr\u00ednosov medzi ktor\u00fdmi je prevent\u00edvny pr\u00ednos, ktor\u00fd sme si stanovili v\u00a0prvotnej my\u0161lienke \u010dl\u00e1nku, len sprievodn\u00fdm javom. Okrem psychologicko-prevent\u00edvneho \u00fa\u010dinku poskytuje zavedenie monitorovania \u010fal\u0161ie prvky riadenia bezpe\u010dnosti a\u00a0prev\u00e1dzky IKT:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>meranie efektivity vyu\u017eite\u013enosti jednotliv\u00fdch akt\u00edv (vyu\u017e\u00edvanos\u0165 licen\u010dn\u00e9ho stavu SW, tla\u010diarn\u00ed, konektivity, &#8230;.)<\/li>\n<li>identifikovate\u013enos\u0165 d\u00e1tov\u00fdch tokov v\u00a0sieti a\u00a0teda identifikovate\u013enos\u0165 potenci\u00e1lne nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho nar\u00e1bania s\u00a0d\u00e1tami, ktor\u00e9 by pod\u013ea z\u00e1meru vedenia mali by\u0165 predmetom obchodn\u00e9ho tajomstva alebo podliehaj\u00fa ochrane v\u00a0zmysle platnej legislat\u00edvy<\/li>\n<li>identifikovate\u013enos\u0165 nekorektn\u00e9ho alebo potenci\u00e1lne nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho (smeruj\u00facicm k\u00a0pr\u00edpadn\u00e9mu p\u00e1chaniu trestnej \u010dinnosti) nar\u00e1bania s\u00a0akt\u00edvami IKT<\/li>\n<li>identifikovate\u013enos\u0165 nov\u00fdch rizikov\u00fdch prvkov pri pr\u00e1ci s\u00a0IKT v\u00a0r\u00e1mci organiz\u00e1cie \u2013 vyu\u017eite\u013en\u00e9 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci aktulaliz\u00e1cie bezpe\u010dnostnej politiky, prevent\u00edvnych opatren\u00ed i vzdel\u00e1van\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>\u010co na z\u00e1ver?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>IT kriminalita je t\u00e9mou\u00a0 rozsiahlou a\u00a0aj ke\u010f zauj\u00edmavou,\u00a0 diskusie o\u00a0jej existencii, dopadoch, met\u00f3dach prevent\u00edvneho p\u00f4sobenia alebo o\u00a0met\u00f3dach vy\u0161etrovania, dokazovania a\u00a0repres\u00edvnom potl\u00e1\u010dan\u00ed naberaj\u00fa na obr\u00e1tkach\u00a0 v\u00a0radoch odbornej i\u00a0laickej verejnosti.\u00a0\u00a0 Vznik\u00e1 rad projektov zameran\u00fdch na eduka\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie v\u00a0tejto oblasti \u2013 projekty r\u00f4znej kvality \u2013 pred niektor\u00fdmi sa treba skloni\u0165 a\u00a0tvorcom po\u010fakova\u0165, niektor\u00e9 s\u00fa \u017eia\u013e premrhan\u00fdmi prostriedkami a\u00a0ich prevedenie \u010dasto postr\u00e1da re\u00e1lny pr\u00ednos.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nku som si nekl\u00e1dol za cie\u013e vyrie\u0161i\u0165 t\u00e9mu narastaj\u00facej kriminality v\u00a0IT s\u00a0ktorou sa u\u017e v\u00a0re\u00e1lnych situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj na\u0161i zamestn\u00e1vatelia.\u00a0 Cie\u013eom bolo vnies\u0165 trochu in\u00fd poh\u013ead do t\u00e9my bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 IT a\u00a0vnukn\u00fa\u0165 my\u0161lienku na \u010fal\u0161\u00ed rozvoj t\u00e9my.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Jaroslav Oster<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"mailto:prevencia@infoconsult.sk\">prevencia@infoconsult.sk<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Informa\u010dn\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie a\u00a0kriminalita. T\u00e9ma, ktor\u00e1 sa dnes rad\u00ed medzi nesporne najdiskutovanej\u0161ie t\u00e9my v\u00a0oblasti IT. Je opraden\u00e1\u00a0 \u010dasto r\u00fa\u0161kom ak\u00e9hosi tajomstva, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1926,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[32,23,50,51,48],"class_list":["post-851","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-itbezp","tag-bezpecnost","tag-it-kriminalita","tag-ochrana-osobnych-udajov","tag-prevencia-it-kriminality","tag-zamestnanec"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Informa\u010dn\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie a kriminalita. 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